貿易方式詞匯
stocks 存貨，庫存量
cash sale 現貨
purchase 購買，進貨
bulk sale 整批銷售，躉售
distribution channels 銷售渠道
wholesale 批發
retail trade 零售業
hire-purchase 分期付款購買
fluctuate in line with market conditions 隨行就市
unfair competition 不合理競爭
dumping 商品傾銷
dumping profit margin 傾銷差價，傾銷幅度
antidumping 反傾銷
customs bond 海關擔保
chain debts 三角債
freight forwarder 貨運代理
trade consultation 貿易磋商
mediation of dispute 商業糾紛調解
partial shipment 分批裝運
restraint of trade 貿易管制
RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 區域貿易安排
favorable balance of trade 貿易順差
unfavorable balance of trade 貿易逆差
special preferences 優惠關稅
bonded warehouse 保稅倉庫
transit trade 轉口貿易
tariff barrier 關稅壁壘
tax rebate 出口退稅
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技術性貿易壁壘
貿易伙伴術語
trade partner 貿易伙伴
manufacturer 制造商，制造廠
middleman 中間商，經紀人
dealer 經銷商
wholesaler 批發商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人，批發商，零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer 受讓人，特許權獲得者
consumer 消費者，用戶
client, customer 顧客，客戶
buyer 買主，買方
carrier 承運人
consignee 收貨人
進出口貿易詞匯
commerce, trade, trading 貿易
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 國內貿易
international trade 國際貿易
foreign trade, external trade 對外貿易，外貿
import, importation 進口
importer 進口商
export, exportation 出口
exporter 出口商
import licence 進口許口證
export licence 出口許口證
commercial transaction 買賣，交易
inquiry 詢盤
delivery 交貨
order 訂貨
make a complete entry 正式/完整申報
bad account 壞帳
Bill of Lading 提單
marine bills of lading 海運提單
shipping order 托運單
blank endorsed 空白背書
endorsed 背書
cargo receipt 承運貨物收據
condemned goods 有問題的貨物
catalogue 商品目錄
customs liquidation 清關
customs clearance 結關
國際貿易英語詞匯集錦一
貿易價格術語
trade term / price term 價格術語
world / international market price 國際市場價格
FOB (free on board) 離岸價
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加運費價
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸價
freight 運費
wharfage 碼頭費
landing charges 卸貨費
customs duty 關稅
port dues 港口稅
import surcharge 進口附加稅
import variable duties 進口差價稅
commission 傭金
return commission 回傭，回扣
price including commission 含傭價
net price 凈價
wholesale price 批發價
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售價
spot price 現貨價格
current price 現行價格 / 時價
indicative price 參考價格
customs valuation 海關估價
price list 價目表
total value 總值
貿易保險術語
All Risks 一切險
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安險
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水漬險
War Risk 戰爭險
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋險
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混雜、玷污險
Risk of Leakage 滲漏險
Risk of Odor 串味險
Risk of Rust 銹蝕險
Shortage Risk 短缺險
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷竊提貨不著險
Strikes Risk 罷工險
貿易機構詞匯
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界貿易組織
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 國際貨幣基金組織
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 貨幣貿易理事會
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 歐洲自由貿易聯盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 東盟自由貿易區
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商貿聯委會
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由貿易區
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 聯合國貿易與發展會議
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 關貿總協定
商務合同英譯應注意的問題(2)
二、慎重處理合同的關鍵細目
實踐證明，英譯合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說，不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目．比如：金錢、時間、數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。
3.1 限定責任
眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的權限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。
3.1.1 and/or
常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例 9：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the
ship and/or cargo on buard.
3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 強調合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同所賦于的責任。
例 10：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the
Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned
commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
3.2 限定時間
英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是準確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。
3.2.1 雙介詞
用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。
例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any
account on and after September 20.
例 12：我公司的條件是，3 個月內，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not (no) later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。
例 13：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this
Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
3.2.3 include 的相應形式
常用 include 的相應形式：inclusive、including 和 included，來限定含當日在內的時間。
例 14：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing.
(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in
Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為 till and not including January 1。
3.3 限定金額
為避免金額數量的差漏、偽造或涂改，英譯時常用以下措施嚴格把關。
3.3.1.大寫文字重復金額
英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也有必要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一致。
例 16：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED
US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號
英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“￡”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。
必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊*貨幣符號，例如：Can $891,568，不能寫成：Can $
891,568。另外，翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數點 （.） 還是分節號（,），因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設想的。
商務合同英譯應注意的問題(1)
前言
英譯商務合同貌似簡單，實則不然。商務合同是一種特殊的應用文體，重在記實，用詞行文的一大特點就是準確與嚴謹。
本文擬運用翻譯教學中所積累的英譯商務合同的實例，從三個方面論述如何從大處著眼、小處著手、力求準確嚴謹英譯商務合同。
一、酌情使用公文語慣用副詞
商務合同屬于法律性公文，所以英譯時，有些詞語要用公文語詞語、特別是酌情使用英語慣用的一套公文語副詞，就會起到使譯文結構嚴謹、邏輯嚴密、言簡意賅的作用。但是從一些合同的英文譯本中發現，這種公文語副同常被普通詞語所代替，從而影響到譯文的質量。
實際上，這種公文語慣用副同為數并不多，而已構詞簡單易記。常用的這類副詞是由 here、there、where 等副詞分別加上
after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副詞，構成一體化形式的公文語副詞。例如：
從此以后、今后：hereafter；
此后、以后：thereafter；
在其上：thereonthereupon；
在其下：thereunder；
對于這個：hereto；
對于那個：whereto；
在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；
在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．
現用兩個實例，說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。
例 1：本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by
the Buyer and the Builder.
例 2：下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產品，其品牌以此為合適。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade
name is more appropriate are made in China.
出席商務會議的常用英語
The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. These
phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to a
meeting.
Getting the Chairperson's Attention 引起會議主席的注意
(Mister/Madam) chairman.
May I have a word?
If I may, I think...
Excuse me for interrupting.
May I come in here?
Giving Opinions 表達意見
I'm positive that...
I (really) feel that...
In my opinion...
The way I see things...
If you ask me,... I tend to think that...
Asking for Opinions 詢問意見
Are you positive that...
Do you (really) think that...
(name of participant) can we get your input?
How do you feel about...?
Commenting 做出評論
That's interesting .
I never thought about it that way before.
Good point!
I get your point.
I see what you mean.
Agreeing 表示同意
I totally agree with you.
Exactly!
That's (exactly) the way I feel.
I have to agree with (name of participant).
Disagreeing 表示異議
Unfortunately, I see it differently.
Up to a point I agree with you, but...
(I'm afraid) I can't agree
Advising and Suggesting 提出建議
Let's...
We should...
Why don't you....
How/What about...
I suggest/recommend that...
Clarifying 澄清
Let me spell out...
Have I made that clear?
Do you see what I'm getting at?
Let me put this another way...
I'd just like to repeat that...
Requesting Information 請求信息
Please, could you...
I'd like you to...
Would you mind...
I wonder if you could...
Asking for Repetition 請求重復
I'm afraid I didn't understand that. Could you repeat what you just
said?
I didn't catch that. Could you repeat that, please?
I missed that. Could you say it again, please?
Could you run that by me one more time?
Asking for Clarification 要求澄清
I don't quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?
I'm afraid I don't quite understand what your are getting at.
Could you explain to me how that is going to work?
I don't see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please?
Asking for Verification 請求確認
You did say next week, didn't you? ('did' is stressed)
Do you mean that...?
Is it true that...?
Asking for Spelling 請求拼寫
Could you spell that, please?
Would you mind spelling that for me, please?
Asking for Contributions 請求賜教
We haven't heard from you yet, (name of participant).
What do you think about this proposal?
Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?
Has anyone else got anything to contribute?
Are there any more comments?
Correcting Information 更正
Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.
Sorry, that's not quite right.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I'm saying.
That's not quite what I had in mind.
That's not what I meant.
Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 轉入正題
We're running short of time.
Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.
Please be brief.
I'm afraid we've run out of time.
I'm afraid that's outside the scope of this meeting.
Let's get back on track, why don't we?
That's not really why we're here today.
Why don't we return to the main focus of today's meeting.
We'll have to leave that to another time.
We're beginning to lose sight of the main point.
Keep to the point, please.
I think we'd better leave that for another meeting.
Are we ready to make a decision?
商貿文書中常見英語翻譯錯誤幾例(下)
6.我公司出口工業產品、化工產品、醫藥等。
原譯文：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and
etc..
注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述譯文無需加上and一詞。應譯為：Our company
exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc..
7.我們將委托貴公司作為我公司在毛里求斯的業務代理。
原譯文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in
Mauritius.
注：entrust一詞在作委托解時用法為entrust somebody with something or entrust something
to somebody。應譯為：
We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
8.本合同簽訂之后，簽約雙方中任何一方不得將合同內容泄露給第三方。
原譯文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract
to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
注：雙方中任何一方為either of the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the
parties，因本句為否定句，應譯為：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of
the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在雙方簽約之后，各方將嚴格遵守本協議。
原譯文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall
strictly abide by it.
注：與上一條相類似，在協議當事方為三方（或三方以上）時，各方為all parties，而當事方為兩方時應用both parties。應譯為：
After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall
strictly abide by it.
商貿文書中常見英語翻譯錯誤幾例(上)
在一些由中文翻譯的英語樣本、合同、廣告和其他文件材料中常見一些翻譯錯誤，現僅舉幾個出現頻率較高的例子，試作分析，謹供讀者朋友參考。
1.由港澳國際投資公司投資的海口電站工程因其建設速度和質量得到高度評價。
原譯文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau
International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its
construction speed and quality.
注：投資某項工程應為invest in a project，在被動語態中不能漏去前置詞in。應譯為：
The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情況下可用financed or funded）
by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly
appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO擁有5個控股子公司。
原譯文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.
注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股權的股東公司。上述譯文意思是5個公司持有Shanghai SFECO
Group的股份，換句話說，這5個公司是“老子”公司，因此顯然不符合中文原意。
應譯為：
Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.
或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.
3.中國民生銀行有限公司
原譯文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.
注：corporation本身即為有限公司，相當于limited company，英譯中無需再加“Ltd”。應譯為：
China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.項目中標之后，我們將立即開始前期準備工作。
原譯文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our
advance-phase preparation.
注：項目中標應為accept a bid or award the contract。顯然上述譯文把兩種表達法相混淆了。應譯為：
After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall
immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
5.歡迎您參觀我們交易會
原譯文：Welcome you to visit our fair!
注：譯文中welcome是動詞，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主語為第二人稱你（你們），而不是中文所含的我（我們）之意。應譯為：
We welcome you to visit our trade fair!
更簡潔而地道的譯法是：Welcome to our trade fair!
澳大利亞聯邦汽車工業商會將摩托車細分為全用途摩托車(All Terrain Vehicles,
ATV's)和兩輪摩托車兩大類，后者又可細分為電動腳踏車(Scooter)、游樂車(Fun)、路用車(Road Motor
Cycle)和越野車(off-Road Motor Cycle)。其中，Scooter又可分為以下幾種（For more details, please
visit: http://www.scootermaker.com）：
Baby Scooter 兒童踏板車
Disabled Scooter 殘障人車
E-Scooter 電動踏板車
Electric Scooter 電動踏板車
Flying Shoes 飛行鞋
Folding Scooter 折疊踏板車
Freestyle Scooter 極限時髦踏板車
Gas//Gasoline Scooter 汽動踏板車//汽油踏板車//汽油機踏板車
Golf Scooter 高爾夫球車
Harly Scooter 哈利車//太子車//汽油小跑車
Kick Scooter 四輪滑板
Mini Chopper 小型摩托車
Mini Scooter 迷你踏板車
Mobility Scooter 電動踏板車
Moped Scooter 電動助力車//機動腳踏兩用車
Motor Scooter 小型摩托車
Pocket Scooter 迷你踏板車
Push Scooter 踏板車
Razor Scooter 勁爆單腳踏板車
Scooter 踏板車
Sea Scooter 水上踏板車//滑水車
Skate Scooter 四輪滑板
Snow Scooter 雪上踏板車//滑雪車
Surfing Scooter 沖浪式電動踏板車//沖浪車
Swing Scooter 搖擺踏板車
Three-Wheels Scooter 三輪踏板車
Trike Swing Scooter 三輪搖擺踏板車
Tri-Scooter 三輪踏板車
Waver Scooter 搖擺踏板車
相關詞匯：
China Scooter 中國踏板車
China Scooter Exporter 中國踏板車出口商
China Scooter Producers 中國踏板車生產商
China Scooter Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商
Scooter China Exporter 中國踏板車出口商
Scooter China Producers 中國踏板車生產商
Scooter China Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商
Scooter Exporter 踏板車出口商
Scooter Exporter China 中國踏板車出口商
Scooter Exporters 踏板車出口商
Scooter Factories 踏板車工廠
Scooter Factory 踏板車工廠
Scooter Manufacturer 踏板車制造廠家
Scooter Manufacturers 踏板車制造商
Scooter Manufacturing 踏板車制造
Scooter Producer 踏板車生產商
Scooter Producers 踏板車生產商
Scooter Producers China 中國踏板車生產商
Scooter Product 踏板車產品
Scooter Products 踏板車產品
Scooter Supplier 踏板車供貨商
Scooter Suppliers 踏板車供貨商
Scooter Suppliers China 中國踏板車供貨商
China Zhejiang Yongkang Scooter Suppliers
對外貿易常用英語(1)
They mainly trade with Japanese firms.
他們主要和日本商行進行貿易。
For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.
在過去的五年中，我們與貴國進行了罅康拿騁住?/P>
Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality.
我們是在平等的基礎上進行貿易。
There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.
和你們的羊毛貿易已有所減少。
Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.
我們的對外貿易不斷發展。
Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.
皮革貿易上升（下降）了百分之三。
Trade in general is improving.
貿易情況正在好轉。
Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.
我們公司主要經營手工藝品。
They are well-known in trade circles.
他們在貿易界很有名望。
We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual
benefit.
我們在平等互利的基礎上和各國人民進行貿易。
To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect
of China's foreign policy.
尊重買方國家的風俗習慣是我國貿易政策的一個重要方面。
Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.
我們的目的是和你們探討一下發展貿易的可能性。
Words and Phrases
foreign trade 對外貿易
overseas trade 海外貿易
international trade 國際貿易
to trade with 和……進行貿易
to do business in a moderate way 做生意穩重
to do business in a sincere way 做生意誠懇
to make a deal 做一筆交易
deal 交易，經營，處理，與……交往
to deal in 經營，做生意
to explore the possibilities of 探討……的可能性
trade circles 貿易界
to handle 經營某商品
to trade in 經營某商品
business scope/frame 經營范圍
trading firm/house 貿易行，商行
對外貿易常用英語(2)
Can we do a barter trade?
咱們能不能做一筆易貨貿易呢？
Is it still a direct barter trade?
這還算是一種直接的易貨貿易嗎？
If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, we'll give you paper in
exchange for your timber.
如果你方同意我們進行易貨貿易的建議，我們將用紙與你們交換木材。
Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?
我們訂一個三角貿易協議好嗎？
A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.
我們三方可進行三角貿易。
Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.
補償貿易實際上是一種信貸。
We may agree to do processing trade with you.
我們同意與你們進行來料加工貿易。
If you're interested in leasing trade, please let us know.
如果你們有意做租賃貿易，請告訴我們。
We wonder whether you do counter trade.
我們不知道你們是否做抵償貿易。
Words and Phrases
trade by commodities 商品貿易
visible trade 有形貿易
invisible trade 無形貿易
barter trade 易貨貿易
bilateral trade 雙邊貿易
triangle trade 三角貿易
multilateral trade 多邊貿易
counter trade 對銷貿易；抵償貿易
counter purchase 互購貿易
buy-back 回購貿易
compensation trade 補償貿易
processing trade 來料加工貿易
assembling trade 來料裝配貿易
leasing trade 租賃貿易
in exchange for 用……交換……
trade agreement 貿易協議
