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一、保險
1. He is a holder of an insurance policy.
他是保險單持有人。
2. How long is the period from the commencement to termination of insurance?
保險責任起止期限是多長?
3. Insurance companies insured ships and their cargoes against loss at sea.
保險公司為船舶和船貨承保了海損險。
4. Mr. Rodman is the most heavily insured man in the world, carrying $4,000,000 insurance on his life.
羅德曼先生是世界上投保最多的人，為自己投了4,000.000 美元的人壽險。
5. One kind of insurance policy is the one that covers a named person.
有一種保險單是記名保險單。
6. Parties to an insurance contract are required to exercise the utmost good faith and disclose all relevant matters to each other.
保險合同雙方當事人都應該盡到最大的善意并且想到披露所有的相關事實。
7. The coverage is written in the basic form and clauses.
保險范圍寫在基本保險單和各種險別條款里。
8. What cover will you take out?
你們準備投保那些險別?
9. What do your insurance clauses cover?
你們的保險條款規定了那些險種?
10. Who will pay the premium for WPA?
水漬險費用由誰負擔?

 

二、不動產（Real property）
1.A man may claim that the owns land by inheritance or purchase from some other person.
一個人可能會聲稱他是通過繼承或從其他人處購買而擁有土地的。
2. Land is referred to as realty.
土地被除數稱為不動產。
3. Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.
土地不得買賣，出租，抵押或者以其他形式非法轉讓。
4. Land, the main source of wealth, is by the very nature of things treated differently from other kinds of property.
土地是主要的財富淵源，按照物的本質區分有別于其他類別的財產。
5. Permission for any change in the use of the land owned has to be obtained from the local planning authorities.
變更大對擁有土地的使用必須經地方規劃當局批準。
6. Property may be classified into real property and personal property.
財產可分為不動產和動產兩類。
7. Real property is both a bundle of legal rights and certain physical objects.
不動產包括大量法定權益和某些有形物。
8. Real property is land and things immovably attached to the land.
不動產指的是土地及土地上附著物。
9. The ownership of land grew out of possession.
土地所有權源于占有。
10. Where a squatter occupies derelict land and continues in uninterrupted possession for 12 years, the owner's title to land is destroyed.
如果一個擅自戰用者被遺棄土地并連續不受干涉地占用12年，原土地所有人的產權將消滅。

 

三、財產負擔（Encumbrance）
1. A landowner who already holds land subject to a mortgage may wish to hypothecate his equity.
已經擁有被按揭抵押土地的所有人可能會希望抵押他的衡平法權益。
2. A lien against the property is granted to secure an obligation.
準予對財產擁有留置權以保證義務之履行。
3. A pledge is something more that a mere lien and something less than a mortgage.
質押的性質超過純粹留置，但卻比不上按揭。
4. After the court imposed the lien, it usually issues a writ directing the sheriff to seize the property.
當法庭判定留置權后，其通常簽發一令狀,指示司法行政官扣押該財產。
5. If the purpose of the transaction is to transfer property for security only, then the courts will hold the transaction a pledge.
如果交易之目的只是因為擔保而轉讓財產，法院將裁定此種交易是一種質押行為。
6. It is a charge on land.
此是土地的抵押。
7. He decided to redeem the pledge.
他決定贖回質押物。
8. Mineral rights are not mortgageable in this jurisdiction.
在該司法管轄區,礦業權益不能用作按揭抵押。
9. Mortgage is a security interest in real property.
按揭是不動產的一種物權擔保。
10. The debtor whose property is subject to the mortgage is called the mortgagor.
其財產被按揭抵押的債務人被稱為抵押人。

 

四、傳票（Process）
1. Address of service of process shall be included in the Articles of Association.
<公司組織大綱>中應包括有傳票送達地址。
2. Alias summons is a subsequent summons issued to replace one that could not be served or otherwise failed.
第二傳票是取代因無法送達或因其他原因失效的傳票之傳票。
3. Smith was subpoenaed as a witness to appear in the circuit court.
史密斯被傳喚為證人在巡回法院出庭。
4. Summons is a written notification that one is required to appear in court.
傳票是一種要求某人出庭的書面通知。
5. The bailiff was in charge of issuing a summons on the plaintiff.
法庭執達官負責向被告簽發傳票。
6. The court served a summons on him.
法院向他送達了傳票。
7. The summons was withdrawn.
傳票被撤銷。
8. The witnesses were subpoenaed to attend the trial.
用傳票傳喚證人參加審判。
9. The writ was indorsed with details of the plaintiff's claim.
傳票上詳細批注了原告的主張。
10. They were accused of demanding payment with threats.
他們被指控用威脅方式提出付款要求。

 

五、法官（Judge）
1. A good judge can extend the boundary of justice.
優秀的法官能夠拓展正義的疆界。
2. A judge cannot be witness in his own cause.
法官不得在其受理的案件中當證人。
3. A judge cannot punish a wrong done to himself.
法官不得對使自己蒙受的過錯進行懲處。
4. A judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts, even if guilty of fraud and corruption.
法官不得因其司法行為而承擔民事責任，即使犯有詐欺與貪污罪。
5. An upright judge has more regard to justice than to me.
法官能公正,重法不重人。
6. If the judge departs from the sentencing guideline range he must have a lawful reason for such a departure.
法官必須有合法的理由方可偏離根據判刑準則所確定的量刑范圍。
7. Judges shall handle cases impartially and in accordance with the law.
法官應當依法秉公辦案。
8. Most disputes that arise in any society are not handled through the court system.
社會的大多數爭議并非都要通過法院體系解決。
9. No one can be at once suitor and judge.
起訴者不得兼為法官。
10. No one can be judge in his own case.
任何人不能審判自己的案件。
11. Sentencing is at the discretion of the judge.
量刑由法官自由裁定。
12. The chairman of the tribunal asked to see all the facts on the income tax claim.
審判長要求考慮所有有關所得稅主張的事實。
13. The judge was appointed to sit in a special case.
該法官被任命審理一個特別案件。
14. The magistrates committed her for trial at the Crown Court.
治安法官將她帶到巡回刑事法庭受審。
15. The judge accepted the defendant's undertaking not to harass the plaintiff.
法官認可了被告不去騷擾原告的承諾。
16. The judge decided in favor of plaintiff.
法官判原告勝訴。
17. The judge disallowed the defense evidence.
法官沒有采信辯方證據。
18. The judge exceeded his powers in criticizing the court of appeal.
法官越權對上訴法院進行批評。
19. The judge found that the plaintiff's pleadings disclosed no cause of action.
法官裁定原告訴狀沒有說明訴因。
20. The judge heard the case in chamber.
法官不公司審理該案。
21. The judge must not hear the evidence or the representations from one side behind the back of the other.
法官不得背著一方當事人去聽取另一方的證據或陳述。
22. The judge ordered the actions to be consolidated.
法官命令將訴訟合并審理。
23. The judge refused the application, on the ground that he had a judicial discretion to examine inadmissible evidence.
法官拒絕了申請，根據是他有審理不被采信證據的司法裁量權。
24. The judge revised his earlier decision not to consider a submission from defense counsel.
法官修正了他早先不考慮被告方律師意見的決定。
25. The judge warned counsel not to prompt the witness.
法官告誡律師不得誘導證人。
26. The judge was of the opinion that if the evidence was doubtful the claim should be dismissed.
法官認為，如果證據有疑，應不駁回主張。
27. The justices were ordered to rehear the information.
法官被命令重新審理起訴。
28. The Lord Justice said he was not laying down guideline for sentencing.
方法官說他現在沒有制定判刑的標準。
29. The judge consented to the request of the prosecution counsel.
法官同意控方律師的請求。
30. The practice of the judge is the interpreter of law.
法官的通常工作是解釋法律。

 

六、法理（Jurisprudence）
1. A subsequent ratification has a retrospective affect, and be equivalent to a prior command.
事后假追認有溯及力，等同先前命令。
2. Absolute power corrupts absolutely.
絕對權力絕對腐敗。
3. Fairness and justice in a jurisdiction are realized case by case being settled properly.
司法的公平和正義是通過案件逐一得到妥善解決予以實現的。
4. Give a thief enough rope and he'll hang himself.
多行不義必自斃。
5. Good order in the foundation of all things.
良好的秩序是一切之基礎。
6. Ignorance of law excuses no one.
不知法不能成為任何人逃避法律的借口。
7. In a healthy legal system the values of order and justice are not normally at cross-purposes.
在健全的法律制度下，秩序與正義這兩個價值一般不會沖突。
8. In doubt, the milder course is to be followed.
遇到疑義時應遵循從寬原則。
9. Infancy is shield, not a sword.
未成年可作為抗辯之理由，但不能作為攻擊之借口。
10. It is an important step to replace the rule of men with the urle of law in China's justice reforms.
以法治代替人治是中國司法改革的重要一步。
11. It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill.
與其責罵罪惡，不如伸張正義。
12. Justice must not only be done, but must be seen to be done.
正義不僅應得到實現，而且還應以人們看得見的方式得到實現。
13. Let right be done, though the heavens fall.
秉公辦事，何懼天塌下來。
14. Like reason makes like law.
看似的理由導致相似的規則。
15. No man should benefit from his own injustice.
沒有人應當從自已的過錯中獲益。
16. Nobody has a more sacred obligation to obey the law than those who make the law.
法律制定者比誰都更具有守法之神圣義務。
17. She who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
自身清白方能獲得衡平救濟。
18. State ways cannot change folkways.
國家手段不能改變社會習俗。
19. Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false.
抑壓真相，猶如作偽。
20. The history of liberty has largely been the history of the observance of procedural safeguards.
自由的歷史在很大程度上是遵守程序保障條款的歷史。
21. The place governs the act.
場所支配行為。
22. The rules must not be constantly changing.
規則不得朝令夕改。
23. The same transaction may give rise to both a civil and a criminal action.
同一活動可能導致民事和刑事訴訟。
24. The spoken word flies; the written word remains.
口說無憑，立此為證。
25. Though few are punished, the fear of punishment affects all.
懲一儆白。
26. Truth is afraid of nothing but concealment.
真相無所懼，惟怕被隱瞞。
27. We must follow a strict interpretation of the rules.
我們必須對規則嚴格解釋。
28. Who pardons the bad, injures the good.
寬恕壞人必傷及好人。
29. Without judicial review, statutory limits would be naught but empty words.
沒有司法審查，法定權限將只是一句空話。
30. Wrong laws make short government.
法制不健全，統治也短命。

 

七、法律（Law）
1. A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.
后法優于前法。
2. Arms and laws do not flourish together.
武力與法律不有同時興盛。

3. Consent makes law.
合意產生法律。
4. Custom has the force of law.
民俗具有法律效力。
5. Customs, religions and philosophies tend to form the basis for a nation's laws
風俗、宗教和哲學常是一個國家法律構成之基礎。
6. Equity is a correction of common legal rules in their defective parts.
衡平法是對普通法律規則中瑕疵部分的矯正。
7. Except as otherwise provided by law.
法律另有規定的除外。
8. Every law has a loop hole.
凡是法律皆有漏洞。
9. Every law has no atom of strength, as far as no public opinion supports in.
若無公眾輿論支持，法律是沒有絲毫力量的。
10. In civilized life, law floats in a sea of ethics.
在文明社會，法律依靠道德所支撐。
11. It can hardly be taken to be a guarantee that every law shall treet every person the same.
不能保證每一部法律都能平等地對待每一個人。
12. Law can never be enforced unless fear supports it.
沒有威懾力的法律絕對不會具有效力。
13. Law does not compel a man to do what he is impossible to perform.
法律不能強迫人去做不可為之事。
14. Law governs man, reason the law.
法律管人，理性管法律。
15. Law is a pervasive feature of social life that profoundly affects us.
法律在社會生活中無處不在，深該地影響眷我們。
16. Law is an exercise in communication between authority and the public.
法律是當權者與大眾之間進行交流的一種運作方式。

17. Law is an ordinance of reason for the common good.
法律是維護公眾利益的理性條令。
18. Law is an utterance determined by the common consent of the commonwealth.
法律是全體公民一致同意所決定的意見之表達。
19. Law is both an instrument of change and a result of changes.
法律是變革的工具又是諸多變革的結果。
20. Law is established for the benefit of man.
法律是人類利益而制定的。
21. Law is law, just or not.
無論正義與否，法律就是法律。
22. Law is mind without reason.
法律是無由的理念。
23. Law is order, and good law is good order.
法律即秩序，好的法律形成良好的秩序。
24. Law is the crystallization of the habit and thought of society.
法律是社會習俗和思想的結晶。
25. Law is the science of what is good and just.
法乃善良公平之道。
26. Law must be stable and it cannot stand still.
法律必須保持穩定但卻不能一成不變。
27. Law that is deficient is better than law that is uncertain.
有瑕疵的法律勝于不確定的法律。
28. Laws are made to prevent the stronger from having the power to do everything.
法律旨在防止強者濫用權力為所欲為。
29. Laws are gentle are seldom obeyed; too severe, seldom executed.
法律過于溫和難于遵守；過于嚴酷則難于執行。
30. No, crime without law making it so; no penalty without law making it so.
法無明文規定者不為罪,法無明文規定者不處罰。
31. No one is above the law.
任何人不能凌駕于法律之上。
32. One with the law is a majority.
誰擁有法律，誰就是大多數。
33. Scarcely any law can be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority it is useful.
法律難顧及全民，于大眾有利已足。
34. Substantial law defined rights, and procedural law establishes the procedures by which rights are protected and enforced.
實體法界定權利，程序法則制定保護和實施權利的程序。
35. The definition of law depends on how we look at its purposes or functions.
法律的定義取決于我們如何看它的目的或功能。
36. The end of law is not abolished or restrained, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.
法律的目的不是廢除或約束而是維護并擴大自由。
37. The first of all laws is to respect the laws.
尊重法律是最首要的法律。
38. The law cannot make all men equal, but they are all equal before the law.
法律不能使人人平等，但在法律面前人人是平等的。
39. The law does not concern itself about family trifles.
法律難斷家務事。
40. The law holds no man responsible for the act of god.
法律規定人毋為天災人負責。
41. The law is the witness and external deposit of our moral life.
法乃吾人道德生活之見證人和外殼。
42. The law never suffers anything contrary to turn.
法律習決不容忍違反真理的事情。
43. The law often allows what honor forbids.
法律允許的而道德上常常禁止。
44. The law on libel is considered too lenient.
反誹謗法被認為太寬大了。
45. The law protects citizens who are wrongfully deprived of their liberty by another.
法律護市民不被他人非法剝奪自由。
46. The law was made for man and not man for the law.
法是為人而制定的，人不是不法而生就的。
47. The law will catch up with him in the end.
最后法律饒不了他。
48. The legal source of the privilege varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
特權的法律淵源因管轄區的不同而異常。
49. The more laws, the more offences.
法律越多，違法者越多。
50. The new regulations will come into force on January 1st.
新規定將于1月1日生效。
51. The powers and duties are conferred on the tribunal by the statutory code.
成文法典賦于法庭權力與責任。
52. The reason of the law ceasing, the law itself ceases.
法律理由消失，法律本身也不存在。
53. The safety of the people is the supreme law.
人民的安全是最高的法律。
54. The strictest law sometimes becomes the severest injustice.
最嚴厲的法律有時會變成最大的不公。
55. This document is legally binding.
該文件具有法律的約束力。
56. This law is in abeyance.
此法暫緩執行。
57. This law has become a dead letter.
此法已成為一紙空文。
58. This law will go into effect on the day if its promulgation.
本法自公布之日起施行。
59. Where law ends, tyranny begins.
法律的終點便是暴政的起點。
60 .Where there are uncertainties, there are no laws.
法律必須具有確定性。

 

八、法院（Court）  
1. A judicial forum has nothing to do with what is not before it.
法院不能主動尋找案件。
2. The court found the accused guilty on all charges.
法庭裁決被告犯有所有被指控的罪行。
3. The court has made an order for specific performance.
法院已經做出強制履行裁定。
4. The court ordered the company's funds to be seized.
法院命令沒收公司資金。
5. The court recorded an open verdict on the dead policeman.
法庭對警察死因不明的裁決作了記錄。
6. The court returned a verdict of death by misadventure.
法院裁定為意外事故死亡。
7. She was acting on the authority of the court.
她按法院給她的權力做事。
8. Six weeks elapsed before the court order was put into effect.
六周后法院命令才生效。
9. The court asked for details of the background to the case.
法院要求了解案件詳細的背景情況。
10. The court asked the accused to show good cause why the should not be sent to prison.
法院讓被告拿出他不應該被監禁的充足的理由。
11. The court dismissed the action.
法院駁回訴松。
12. The court extended the defendant's time for serving his defense by fourteen days.
法院把被告送交答辯狀的時間延長了14天。
13. The court followed the precedent set in 1926.
該法庭遵循1926年的先例。
14. The court granted the company a two-week stay of execution.
法院準予公司延緩兩同執行。
15. The court heard evidence from a fingerprint expert.
法院聽取了指紋專家的證詞。
16. The court held that there was no to answer.
法院裁定無案件事實可辯。
17. The court is not competent to try the case.
該法院無權審理該案件。

18. The court ordered certiorari following judicial review, quashing the order made by the juvenile court.
在司法復審后，該法院命令調取案卷,撤銷了少年法院的裁決.
19. The court ordered the bailiffs to saize his property because he has not paid his fine.
法院命令執行法官扣押他的財產，因為他沒交納罰款。
20. The court ordered the case to be retried.
法院命令重審此案。
21. The court's opinion was that the case should be heard inter parties as soon as possible.
法院的意見是該案應在雙方當事人在場的情況下盡快審理.
22. The court recorded a plea of not guilty.
法院對無罪抗辯作了記載。
23. The court took the view that the defendant's plea was equivocal.
法院持有這樣的觀點，即被告的答辯是模棱兩可的。
24. The court will decide on the admissibility of the evidence.
法庭將對證據的可采性進行裁決。
25. The Crown Court directed the justices to rehear the case.
刑事法院命令治安官重新審理該案。
26. The decision of the court runs counter to the advice of the clerk to the justice.
法庭的裁決與法官書記官的意見相悖。
27. The granting of an injunction is at the discretion of the court.
強制令的簽發的屬于法院的自由裁量權。
28. The tribunal decided against awarding any damages.
法庭裁決不予任何損害賠償。
29. The tribunal should act in good faith.
法庭必須公正執法。
30. The tribunal's ruling has established a precedent.
法庭的裁決確立了一個先例。

 

九、犯罪（Offense）
1. A crime is a behavior within the definition of the provisions of the criminal law and should be subject to criminal penalty.
犯罪是刑法規定范疇的應應承擔刑事責任的行為。
2. A crime is the behavior that is harmful to the society and should be punished with criminal penalty.
犯罪是具有社會危害性應當受到刑罰處罰的行為。
3. A sin takes in everything done,said and willed against right reason.
罪包含所有違背正確理性的行為、言詞和意志。
4. A witness's credibility noticeably diminishes as the enormity of the crime or the unlikeliness of its circumstances increase.
罪行越嚴重，情節越是難以置信的，證據的尺度越應嚴格。
5. An act does not make a person guilty of a crime unless the mind is also guilty.
沒有主觀過錯的行為不會令人行為人有責。
6. An intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
醉酒者犯罪應負刑事責任。
7. By selling alcohol to minors, the shop is deliberately flouting the law.
向未成年人出售烈性酒，是商店故意犯罪。
8. Criminal responsibility is to be borne for negligent crimes only when the law so provides.
過失犯罪，法律有規定的才負刑事責任。
9. Criminals responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.
故意犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
10. Criminal are sick; they should be patients, not prisoners.
罪犯都是病態的，他們應該是病人，而不是囚犯。
11. Everyone is held to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
凡不能被證明有罪者均是無辜的。
12. Facility of pardon is an incentive to crime.
輕易赦免罪過，實際是鼓勵犯罪。
13. Giving the killer what he deserves.
予殺人者以應得之罪。
14. Hate the sin but not the sinner.
可恨的是罪行而非罪人。
15. He carried out a felonious act.
他犯了重罪。
16. He confessed to the crime during his interrogation.
在訊問中他供認了犯罪。
17. He denied being in the house at the time of the murder.
他否認當謀殺發生時他在住宅內。
18. He pleads not guilty to murder but guilty to manslaughter.
他承認犯有非預謀殺人罪而非謀殺罪。
19. He tried to establish his innocence.
他試圖確定自已無罪。
20. He turned over a new leaf.
他洗心革面，重新做人。
21. He was accused of murder.
他被指控犯有謀殺罪。
22. He was arrested for disorderly conduct in the street.
他因在街在有妨害治安行為而被捕。
23. He was arrested on suspicion of being an accessory to the crime.
他因涉嫌同謀犯罪被捕。
24. He was brought to court and charged with rape.
他被帶到法庭并被指控犯有強奸罪。
25. He was charged with trafficking in drugs.
他被指控非法習賣毒品。
26. He was cleared of all charges.
他被洗去所有指控罪名。
27. He was found guilty by the court-martial and sentenced to imprisonment.
軍事法庭判他有罪并判他坐牢。
28. He was found guilty of gross dereliction of duty.
他被判嚴重玩忽職守。
29. He was indicted for murder.
他被指控犯有謀殺罪。
30. He was prosecuted for embezzlement.
他被指控犯罪侵占信托財產。
31. He was sent to prison for six months for embezzlement.
他因侵占資產被監六個月。
32. Mercy to the criminal may be cruelty to the people.
對犯罪的仁慈是對人民的殘忍。
33. Repetition of a libel is an offence.
重復誹謗是一種犯罪行為。
34. Sexual intercourse with a girl under sixteen is an offence.
與16歲以下的女孩性交是一種犯罪行為.
35. She was sent to prison for blackmail.
因犯有敲詐罪她被送進監獄。
36. The crime was premeditated.
犯罪是預謀好的。
37. The company was guilty of evading the VAT regulations.
該公司犯有逃避增值稅規定罪。
38. The suspects were placed in detention.
嫌疑犯被拘留。
39. The suspect was apprehended at the scene of the crime.
嫌疑犯在犯罪現場被捕。
40. The theft comes into the category of petty crime.
偷竊屬于輕罪。

 

十、公民權利（Citizens' right）
1. An equal has no dominion over another equal.
平等者之間無支配權可言。
2. Any law that violates the indefeasible rights of man is essentially unjust and tyrannical.
凡違犯罪基本人權的法律都是無理和專制的。
3. Citizens shall the right of inheritance under the law.
公民依法享有財產繼承權。
4. Each man has his own right proper to him and he is forbidden to violate the rights of others.
每個人都有自固有的權利，任何人不得侵犯他人的權利。
5. Everyone has right to freedom of expression.
每個人都享有言論自由。
6. Everyone is equal before the law.
法律面前人人平等。
7. Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law.
每個人的生命權利都應受法律保護。
8. First in time, first in right.
先在權利優先。
9. He has no authorization to act on our behalf.
他沒有代表我們做事的授權。
10. He has a legitimate claim to the property.
他是此財產的合法主張人。
11. No remedies no rights.
無救濟無權利。

 

12. No rights can rest on one person without a corresponding duty resting on some other person or persons.
沒有無義務的權利。
13. No rights pass without physical delivery.
無實物交付便無權利轉移。
14. The transfer of a right requires the will of the recipient as well as of the transferee.
權利的轉讓既要求有接受者的意志，也要求有轉讓者的意志。
15. The very essence of civil liberty consists in the right of every individual to claim the protection of the laws whenever he suffers an injury.
公民自由的精髓在于一旦受到傷害，每個公民都有請求法律保護的權利。
16. The violation of such an interest is a legal wrong and gives rise to a legal right.
侵犯此種權益就是違法過錯并導致法律權利的產生。
17. This right does not obtain in judicial proceedings.
該權利無法通過司法程序得到。
18. There are certain rights, sometimes called imperfect rights, which the law recognizes but will not enforce directly.
某些權利有時被稱為不完全權利，它們為法律所認可但卻不能直接予以執行。
19. Liberty is the right to do whatever the laws permit.
自由是指在法律范圍內行為的權利。
20. Right is an enforceable claim to performance, action or forbearance by another.
權利是一種可要求他人履行，作為或不作為的可予以強制執行的主張。

 

十一、公司法（Company law）
1. A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.
公司董事應對公司負責受托人責任。
2. A company is regarded by the law as a person: an artificial person.
公司被法律規為“人”，一個擬制人。

3. An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered.
企業法人應當在核準登記的經營范圍內從事經營。
4. He is director appointed under the articles of the company.
他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。
5. Prior to application for registration, the share capital must be stipulated in the Articles and all shares must be subscribed.
在申請登記注冊前，在公司章程中必須載明股本額，并且所有股份必須認購完畢。
6. The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts.
董事長對公司債務承擔個人責任。
7. The company has complied with the court order.
公司遵守了法院的命令。
8. The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement.
公司已經履行了全部協議中的條款。
9. The company intends to sue for damages.
公司打算提起索賠之訴。
10. The company is controlled by the majority shareholder.
該公司受控股股東的控制。
11. The company is presumed to be still solvent.
公司被推定仍有償還能力。
12. The company is resisting the takeover bid.
該公司正在抵制以接管為目的的高價征購股份。
13. The company's action was completely legal.
公司的行為完全合法。
14. The domicile of a legal person or other organization is at the place of its principal business establishment.
法人和其他非法人組織以其主要辦事機構所在地為住所。
15. The legal adviser recommended applying for an injunction against the directors of the company.
法律顧問建議申請針對公司董事會的強制令。
16. The major methods used to reconstitute the company are acquisition of companies and merging.
公司重組的方式有公司收購和公司兼并。
17. The profits and losses of the equity joint venture shall be shared by the parties in proportion to their contributions of the registered capital.
合資企業各方應按其出資額在注冊資本中的比例分享利潤及虧損.
18. The resolution was invalid because the shareholder's meeting was not quorate.
因股東大會不夠法定人數,故該決議無效。
19. The right to vote at shareholder's meetings for the election of directors shall be observed.
應該遵守股東大會上投票選舉董事的表決權。
20. The two companies have merged.
兩個公司已經兼并。

 

十二、管轄權（Jurisdiction）
1. It is a principle of first importance that federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.
聯邦法院是有限管轄權法院，這是首要原則。
2. Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case.
什么法院體系適合審判某一案件應由管轄權決定。
3. Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies, such as administrative agencies.
準司法機構，如行政機構等也會出現管轄權問題。
4. The case falls within the competence of the court.
該案在這個法院的管轄權范圍內。
5. The choice of jurisdiction of a court by agreement shall not violate the provisions of exclusive jurisdiction under the law.
協議選擇的法院管轄不得違反法律關于專屬管轄的規定。

6. The court held that exercise of personal jurisdiction must meet the requirements of due process.
法院裁定行使人身管轄權必須符合正當程序要件。
7. The federal courts have usually interpreted the matters of jurisdiction rather strictly.
在解釋管轄權事項時聯邦法院一直比較嚴格。
8. The jurisdictional amount is set by statute and is currently $80,000.
案件標的管轄權由法律規定，目前是80,000美元。
9. This matter does not fall within the jurisdiction fo the Hight Court.
該事項不在高等法院管轄權范圍之內。
10. To start a civil suit the plaintiff first picks the proper court, one that has jurisdiction in the case.
原告要提民事訴訟，首先要找到對該案件有管轄權的恰當的法院。

 

十三、國際法（International law）
1. A state alone can perform acts of sovereignty on its territory.
只有國家和能在自已的領土上行使主行為。
2. Being sovereign and equal to others, a state has certain rights and corresponding duties.
作為獨立、平等的主權國，既享有某些權利，也承擔相應的責任義務。
3. Both sides claimed the other side broke the peace agreement.
雙方者聲稱對方破壞了和平協議。
4. Every state has the duty to refrain from use of force against the territorial integrity of any other state.
任何國家都負有不得使用武力侵犯別國領土完整的責任。
5. He claimed diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.
為避免被捕，他聲稱享有外交豁免權。
6. His passport is out of date.
他的護照已過期。

7. Illegal immigrants are deported.
非法移民要被驅逐出國。
8. One of the most flagrant of infringement of independence of States is intervention.
公然侵犯國家獨立的行為之一是干涉。
9. Public international law has been regarded as a system of principles and rules designed to govern relations between sovereign states.
國際公法一直被視為是調整主權國之關系的一套原則和規則。
10. The beginnings of international law as it is known today are usually traced to the 16th and 17th centuries.
如今的國際法的起源通常應追溯到16和17世紀。

 

十五、海關和關稅（Customs & tariff）
1. All imports must be declared to customs.
所有過口貨物必須報關。
2. How long will it take us to pass through Customs?
辦完通關手續要多長時間？
3. Like retaliation tariff, preferential tariff is used as a weapon in international relations.
與報復性關稅一樣，特惠關稅在國際關系中也被當成一種武器使用。
4. The customs formalities for the exportation of the following cargo have been duly completed.
下列貨物的出關手續已正式結清。
5. The Customs Bureau accepts certain foreign exports free of duty.
海關總署允許免稅進口幾種外國貨。
6. The duty on automobiles will be abolished soon.
汽車關稅即將被取消。
7. The government decided to raise tariff walls against foreign goods.
政府決定提高關稅壁壘以抵制外國貨。
8. The penalties for cheating customs are very severe.
關稅欺詐所受的懲罰非常重。
9. The shutouts will soon be sent to the warehouse.
退關貨物很快被存入倉庫。
10. To impose a heavy duty on the imports of steel is unreasonable.
對鋼材進口征收高關稅是無道理的。

 

十六、合伙（Partnership）  
1. A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit.
合伙企業指的是兩個或兩個以上的個人為牟利而組成的商事聯合體。
2. Each partner is viewed as the other's agent.
每個合伙人都被視為是其他合伙人的代理人。
3. Every partner may take part in the management of the partnership business.
每個合伙人都可以參與合伙企業的業務管理。
4. Family partnership is one in which the partners are members of a family.
家庭合伙是指合伙人均為一個家庭成員的合伙。
5. No partner shall be entitled to remuneration for acting in the partnership business.
任何合伙人均無權因參與合伙企業業務活動而獲得報酬。
6. Partners are taxed as individuals and are personally liable for torts and contractual obligations.
合伙人按個人納稅，且以個人名義承擔侵權和合同責任。
7. Unless it is a limited partnership, it need not be established in writing.
除非屬于有限責任性質，合伙關系無須以書面締結。
8. The other partners shall, under the same condition, enjoy priority in obtaining the assignment.
在同等條件下，其他合伙人有優先購買權。
9. The partnership books are to be kept at the place of business of the partnership or the principal place.
合伙企業的賬簿應保存在企業營業處或企業本部。
10. Traditionally, a firm is referred to a partnership, as opposed to company.
按慣例，firm是指合伙企業，與公司相對。

 

十七、合同（contract）

1. A contract cannot arise out of an illegal act.
違法行為不足不約。
2. A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective.
承諾生效即合同成立。
3. A contract may be modified if the parties reach a consensus through consultation.
當事人協商一致即可以變更合同。
4. A person is not liable for debts contracted druing his minority.
一個人無須對他在未成年時期的合同債務承擔責任。
5. A transaction between two parties ought not to operate to the disadvantage of a third.
合約不約束第三人。
6. An acceptance once given cannot be revoked unless the offeror consents.
除非要約人同意，承諾一經做出即不得撤回。
7. An acceptance is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.
承擔是受要約人同意要約的意思表示。
8. An offeror may withdraw an offer at any time before it has been accepted.
在要約被受要約人接受以前，要約人可以隨進撤回要約。
9. Any amendment to this contract shall become effective only by a written agreement by Patry A and Party B.
對本合同的任何修改，只有經甲、乙雙方簽署書面協議后方能生效。
10. Any annex is the integral part of this contract.
對本合同一切附件均為本合同的有效組成部分。
11. Any departure from the terms and conditions of the contract must be advised in writing.
任何與合同條款相背離的地方，都應以書面形式通知。

12. Any failure by a party to carry out all or part of his obligations under the contract shall be considered as a substantial breach.
一方當事人不履行本合同的全總或任何部分義務均應被視為是根本違約。
13. Any party has no right to terminate this contract without another party's agreement.
未經另一方當事人同意，任何當事人均無權終止合同。
14. Any violation of deadlines contained in the contract wil equate to breach of contract.
凡違反合同規定的任何期限都等同違約。
15. Contract law is initially concerned with determining what promises the law will enforce or recognize as creating legal rights.
合同法首先涉及確認哪些許諾可以作為創設的法律權利而由法律強制實施或承認。
16. Examples of void contracts are those entered into as a result of misrepresentation, duress or undue influence.
因欺詐、脅迫和乘人之危而簽訂的合同屬于可撤銷合同。
17. He is incompetent to sign the contract.
他沒有簽署合同的行為能力。
18. He reasonably believes that there will be a fundamental non-performance of the contract by the other party.
他有理由認為對方當事人將會根本違約。
19. He signed a covenant against under letting the premises.
他簽署了一個反對廉價出租屋的契約。
20. He was incapable of fulfilling the terms of the contract.
他沒有能力履行合同條款。
21. If a contract becomes invalid, the validity of its independently existing clauses pertaining to the settlement of disputes shall not be affected.
合同無效并不影響合同中獨立存在的有關解決爭議方法的條款的效力。
22. If a minor ratifies a contract upon reaching the age of majority, he or she is then bound to it.
如未成年人在達到法定年齡時追認合同，他/她便應受合同之約束。
23. If any of the above-mentioned clauses is inconsistent with the following additional clauses, the latter is to be taken as authentic.
以上任何條款如與下列附加條款相抵觸，以下列附加條款為準。
24. If there are provisions as otherwise stated in respect to contracts in other laws, such provisions shall be followed.
其他法律對合同另有規定，應依照這些規定。
25. If there is no acceptance, by definition there ia no contract.
按照定義，沒有承諾合同便不能成立。
26. In case of heavy losses, failure of a party to fulfill the obligations prescribed by the contract of force majeure, the contract may be terminated.
如發嚴重虧損，一方不履行合同規定的義務或不可抗力等，可提前終止合同。
27. Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law.
依法成立的合同應受法律保護。
28. Marine insurance contracts are indemnity contracts and require the parties to exercise the utmost good faith.
海上保險合同屬于賠償合同，要求雙方當事人盡到最大善意的義務。
29. No change in or modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless the same is made in writing.
本協議之修改必須作成書面始生效力。
30. No consideration, no contract.
合同無對價不成立。
31. Other special terms will be listed bellow.
甲、乙雙方如有特殊約定將在下列另行規定。
32. Party A and B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude the following contract.
甲、乙雙方，經友好協商一致，訂立要合同。
33. Parties hereto may revise or supplement through negotiation matters not mentioned herein.
本合同如有未盡事宜，雙方可協商修訂或補充。

34. Payment will be held up until the contract has been signed.
付款將延期到合同簽訂。
35. Please amend your copy of the contract accordingly.
請將你的合同文本做相應的修正。
36. Promises resulting from either express or an implied agreement can be enforced.
明示協定或默示協定所產生的允諾都可具有強制力。
37. She did not abide by the terms of the agreement.
她沒有遵守協議的條款。
38. The agreement is binding on all parties.
該協議對各方當事人都有約束力。
39. The agreement of the parties is subject to review and approval of the board of directors.
當事人的協議須經董事會的審查和批準。
40. The conditions of the contract are still to be determined.
合同條件還有待確定。
41. The contact has been engrossed ready for signature.
合同已正式寫成等待簽署。
42. The contract has to be signed in the presence of two witnesses.
該合同必須在兩個證人出席的情況下簽署。
43. The contract was declared null and void.
合同被宣告無效。
44. The contract was annulled by the court.
合同被法院廢止。
45. The express agreement of parties overcomes the law.
雙方當事人的明示協議勝過法律。
46. The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this contract.
下列文件應被認為、讀做、解釋為本合同的組成部分。
47. The issue of this action is the date of the contract.
這案件的急論點是合約的日期。
48. The parties may dissolve the contract upon consensus through consultation.
當事人協商一致，可以解除合同。
49. The parties shall, when making a contract, have corresponding capacity for civil rights and civil conduct.
當事人訂立合同，應當具有相應的民事權利能力和民事行為能力。
50. The parties to a contract shall fully fulfill their obligations pursuant to the terms of the contract.
合同的雙方錄事人應當按照合同的約定，合部履行自已的義務。
51. The parties to the contract have equal legal status, and neither party may impose its will in the other.
合同當事人的法律地位平等，一方不得將自已的意志強加給另一方。
52. The use of a prescribed contract form can reduce the uncertainty.
格式化合同的采用可以減少不確定性。
53. They took the unilateral decision to cancel the contract.
他們單方面決定撤消合同。

54. This Agreement and the schedules hereto constitute the entire agreement between the parties relating to the subject mater hereof.
本協議及其附件構成雙方關于本協議標的之完整協議。
55. This contract is executed in three counterparts, all of which are considered as originals and of the same effect.
本合同一式三份，均應視為原件，具有同等效力。
56. This contract will be effective after being signed by both parties.
本合同一經雙方簽字后立即生效。
57. This offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.
這項要約在期限過后，便會自動失效。
58. We hereby revoke the agreement of May8,2004.
這項特此宣告2004年5月8日的協議無效。
59. What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.
本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補作為合同附件。
60. You have to get the permission of all the signatories to the agreement if you want to change the terms.
如果你要改動條款必須獲得協議所有簽署者的允許。

 

十八、和解（Settlement）
1. Conciliation is a procedure in which a public organ stands between the parties in order to try to solve a civil dispute by their mutual consent.
調解是公務機關介入當事人之間，沒法根據當事人的協議解決民事糾紛的一種程序。
2. Even significant controversies may be settled through mediation.
即便是重大的爭議都有可能通過調解解決。
3. If a claim is settled on behalf of a child of patient, the agreement is not binding until it is approved by the court.
以未成年人或病人名義和解訴訟主張，如無法院批準，此種協議沒有拘束效力。
4. Litigants of the two parties may reconcile of their own accord.
雙方當事人可以自行和解。
5. Out-of-court settlement is especially appropriate as applied to disputes that are resolved instituting litigation.
庭外調解專門適用于沒有起訴的爭端之解決。
6. The bill of mediation becomes legally effective after it has been delivered to the litigants and signed by them.
調解書交雙方當事人簽收后，即具有法律效力。
7. The parties reached a settlement the day before trial.
在案件審判前一天，雙方當事人達成和解協議。
8. The money paid in such a settlement is often termed nuisance money.
在此種調解中支付的費用經常被稱為擺脫訴訟滋擾費。
9. They are hoping to reach an out-of-court settlement.
他們希望庭和解。

10. To end the lawsuit, they reached an agreement resolving differences by mutual concessions.
為終結訴訟，他們各自讓步就解決爭議達成協議。

 

十九、環境保護（Environment protection）  
1. An act that is destructive to the environment may be criminalized by statute.
破壞環境之行為可以被法律規定為犯罪。
2. Discharge pipes directly take pollutants away from the plant into the river.
排泄管道直接將污染物從工廠排入河流。
3. Environmental impact reports are required under many circumstances by federal and state law.
根椐聯邦和州的法律規定，在許多情況下都要求提供環境影響報告書。
4. Environmental law heavily intertwined with administrative law.
環保與行政法緊密糾纏在一起。
5. Environmental problems directly affect the quality of people's lives.
環境問題直接影響人們的生活質量。
6. In 1970,a federal agency was created to coordinate governmental action to protect environment.
1970年，成立了一個聯邦機構以協調政府的環保行為。
7. Most environmental litigation involves disputes with governmental agencies.
許多環保訴訟都涉及與政府機構的爭端。

8. Pollution is legally controlled and enforced through various federal and state laws.
污染受法律控制，并由聯邦和州各種法規強制執行。
9. The federal government promulgated the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act.
聯邦政府頒布了《水清潔法》和《空氣清潔法》。
10. The law requires a detailed analysis of the potential impact on the environment of a proposed project.
法律規定要對擬訂項目對環境的潛在影響作詳盡的分析。

 

二十、婚姻和家庭（Marriage & family life）
1. Arranged or mercenary marriage and any other acts of interference with the freedom of marriage are forbidden.
包辦、買賣婚姻和其他任何干涉婚姻自由的行為都是被禁止的。
2. Custody of the children was awarded to the mother.
兒童的監護權已判給母親。
3. She petitioned for divorce on account of the breakdown of their marriage.
她以婚姻關系破裂為由申請離婚。
4. She was granted a divorce on the grounds of unreasonable behavior by her husband.
基于丈夫的無理行為，她被允許離婚。
5. The adopter may adopt one child only, male or female.
收養人只能收養一名子女。
6. The court presumes the maintenance payments are being paid on time.
法院推定扶養費是按時支付的。
7. The payments were made according to the maintenance order.
按法院扶養令進行了付款。
8. Their marriage broke down and they separated.
他們的婚姻破裂，兩人分居。
9. They went to see a marriage guidance counselor.
他們去找婚姻指導顧問。

10. What validates a marriage is the consent of the parties, not their cohabitation.

有效婚以雙方合意為要件，而不以同居為要件。

 

二十一、貨運和海商法（Shipping & maritime law）
1.If the carrier issues a bill of lading for which there are no goods, the carrier is likely to be liable to the holder.
如果承運人簽發空頭提單，承運人有可能要對持票人承擔責任。
2. In case of quarantine the property may be discharged at the risk and expense of owners into quarantine depot or elsewhere.
因檢疫之故可在檢疫地或其他地方卸貨，風險和費用由貨主承擔。
3. Nothing in this section shall limit the right of the carrier to require the prepayment or guarantee of the charges.
本條款之任何規定不得限制承運人提出支付預付費或費用擔保之要求。

4. The adjustment of general average is governed by the rules agreed by the parties to it.
共同海損理算，適用當事人約定的理算規則。
5. The owner or consigner shall pay the freight and average and all other lawful charges accruing on said property.
貨主或收貨人應當支付運費、海損費以及就上述貨物所發生的一切其他費用。
6. The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment of non-delivery of the goods due to force majeure.
因不可抗力致使賣方不能或推遲次貨，賣方不負責任。
7. The shipment came with fake documentation.
裝運發來的貨物用的是偽造單據。
8. The shipper shall hold the carriers harmless from any expense they may incur.
發貨人應賠償承運人所發生的任何費用。
9. The warehouse claims a lien for all lawful charges for storage and preservation of the goods.
倉庫主張對拖欠合法倉儲保管費的貨物享有留置權。
10. Where delivery is made by a common carrier by water the foregoing provisions of this Act shall apply.
如果交貨人是水運公共承運人，應當適用本法律上述各項規定。

 

二十二、檢察官（Prosecutor）
1. If prosecutorial misconduct results in a mistrial, a later prosecution may be barred.
如果檢察官的不軌行為導致審判無效，再行起訴可能會被除數禁止。
2. In Great Britain, the Attorney General prosecutes for the Grown in certain cases.
在英國，檢察總長在某些案件中代表王室進行公訴。
3. In some places, public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed.
在有些地方，檢察官是經選舉而非任命產生的。

4. Not every violation of law can be prosecuted, and prosecutors have wide discretion in deciding which to prosecute and which to drop.
并非所有的違法行為都要被起訴，在決定是否起訴時檢察官具有很大的自由栽量權。
5. Please call your first witness, Mr. Prosecutor.
檢察官先生，請傳你的第一位證人。
6. The district attorney was appointed to represent the state in criminal cases.
州地方檢察官被任命在刑事案件中代表州政府進行公訴。
7. The independent counsel is in charge of the investigation of the political scandal.
獨立檢察官負責調查該政治丑聞事件。
8. The prosecuting attorney represents the government in instituting and proceeding with criminal actions.
檢察官代表政府提起并參與刑事訴訟。
9. The prosecutor decided to pursue the case to the end.
檢察官決定對此案窮追不舍。
10. The public prosecutor must prove the defendant's act was the proximate cause of the injury.
檢察官必須證明被告的行為是造成傷害的近因。

 

二十三、交通（Traffic）
1. He was booked for driving on the wrong side of the road.
他被指控占道駕駛。
2. Driving under the influence of alcohol is severely forbidden.
嚴禁灑后駕車。
3. Every one should observe the traffic regulations.
人人都應遵守交通規則。
4. Homicide by automobile is a special category of homicide recognized in some states.
汽車肇事殺人罪是一些州所規定的特定類別的非預謀殺人罪。
5. Mary was fined $10 for speeding.
瑪麗因超速駕車被罰款10美元。

6. The driver had an excessive amount of alcohol in his blood.
該司機血液里的酒精過量。
7. The guidelines lay down rules for dealing with traffic offences.
基本原則規定了處理交通肇事規則。
8. The tribunal's terms of reference do not cover traffic offences.
法庭的授權調查事項不包括交通肇事罪。
9. The traffic court has jurisdiction over violation of statutes governing the use of roads and motor vehicles.
交通法庭有權管轄違反道路和車輛法規的事件。
10. Traffic police is a section of the police concerned with problems on the roads.
交通警察是處理道路交通問題的那部分警察。

 

二十四、借貸和租賃（Loan & lease）
1. Before the lessor signs the lease, the lessee must receive a copy of the contract.
在出租人簽署租賃合同之前，承租人必須要收到合同副本。
2. Do you have sufficient cover for this loan?
你有這筆貸款的足夠擔保嗎？
3. For the loan, he could have a lien placed on your home.
因為此筆貸款，他對你的住房享有留置權。
4. Legitimate loan relationships are protected by law.
合法的借貸關系受法律保護。
5. She wanted to use a loan to buy a new home.
她想用貸款購買新房。
6. The term of the loan is fifteen years.
貸款期限為15年。
7. We have a short lease on our current premises.
我們有一個短期租賃現有房屋的合同。
8. They were granted the lease on condition that they paid the legal costs.
在支付法定費用的條件下他們可獲得租賃權。

9. The leases are coterminous.
這些租賃合同同時終止。
10. The interest on a loan may not be deducted from the principal in advance.
借款的利息不得預先在本金中扣除。

 

二十五、警察（Police）
1. After six hours' being questioned by the police the accused man confessed.
經過警方六個小時的審問，被告供認了犯罪。
2. At this point the police interfered.
此時警方介入進來。
3. He is wanted by the police.
他是被除警方通緝者。
4. The chief Constable applied for an order of mandamus directing the justices to rehear the case.
警察局申請獲得履行職務令，以命令法官重新審理該案。
5. The confession was extracted under torture by the police.
供認是警方嚴刑逼供得到的。
6. The police are close to solving the crime.
警方即將破案。
7. The police were accused of tampering with the evidence.
警察被指控篡改證詞。

8. The post mortem was carried out or was conducted by the police pathologist.
由警察病理學家進行驗尸。
9. The thief surrendered himself to the police.
小偷向警方自首。
10. When he offered to give information to the police, he was granted immunity from prosecution.
當他主動給警察提供信息時，他被免于起訴。

 

二十六、救濟（Remedy）
1. If the contract is null and void, the remedy is to rescind and to put the parties in the position in which they were prior to the attempted agreement.
如果合同無效，救濟方法是撤銷合同，使雙方當事人回復到協議簽署之前的地位。
2. If the statute of limitations has run, the plaintiff is without redress.
如果過了法定訴訟時效，原告將無法得到救濟。
3. In pleading, a party may request alternative relief.
在訴辯狀中，當事人可提出替換救濟要求。
4. Penal redress requires full compensation of the injured person as an instrument for punishing the offender.
刑事救濟規定對受害人進行充分補償，由此作為對罪犯的一種懲罰機制。
5. The act expressly provides for injunctive relief.
該法律明文規定了強制令救濟。
6. The classic remedy for copyright infringement is equitable relief.
傳統的侵犯版權的救濟是衡平法上的救濟。
7. The judge deemed it sufficient to compensate the plaintiff, making a equitable remedy unnecessary.

法官認為對原告的補償已經足夠了, 再作出公平的補救措施是不必要的。
8. The lender has a remedy either in court or through repossession of the car.
貸方有訴諸法庭或重新占有汽車兩種救濟方法。
9. The most common of legal remedy is damages.
最常見的普通法上的救濟是損害賠償金。
10. We have to consider specific performance and other equitable remedies.
我們必須考慮強制履行和其他的一些衡平法的救濟。

 

二十七、立法（Legislation）  
1. A law should be amended or repealed only by the same procedures that were used to enact it.
法律只有經其頒布之同樣程序方能被修正或廢除。

2. A legislature has many of the same powers as a court to support a legislative inquiry.
立法機關具有許多與法院相同的權力以進行立法調查。
3. Courts often look to legislative intent for guidance in interpreting and applying a law.
法院經常留意立法意，以此作為解釋和適用法律之指南。
4. It is the business of the judiciary to interpret the laws, not scan the authority of the lawgiver.
法院的事務是解釋法律而覬覦立法權。
5. Such legislation is unconstitutional.
此種立法是違憲的。
6. The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation.
最大多數人的最大幸福是道德和立法的基礎。
7. The legislative cannot transfer the power of making laws to any other hands.
立法機關不能把制定法律的權力轉讓給任何其他人。
8. The legislative history and the language of the law may provide indications of the legislative intent.
立法史和法律語言可以提供有關立法意圖的線索。
9. The legislative power is the supreme power in every commonwealth.
立法權是第個國家中的最高權力。
10. To carry out an objective review of current legislation is important.
對現行立法進行客觀審查很重要。

 

二十八、律師（Lawyer）
1. A barrister has right of audience in any court in England and Wales.
律師有權在英格蘭和威爾士的任何法院出庭。
2. A lawyer shall not represent both parties involved in the same case.
律師不得在同一案件中為雙方當事人擔任代理人。

3. A lawyer should assist in maintaining the integrity and competence of the legal profession.
律師應幫助維護律師界的正直及業務能力。
4. A lawyer should assist in preventing the unauthorized practice of law.
律師應幫助防止非法執業。
5. A lawyer should assist the legal profession in fulfilling its duty to make legal counsel available.
律師應幫助律師界履行其提供法律顧問的義務。
6. A lawyer should avoid even the appearance of professional impropriety.
律師甚至應避免出現不正當業務現象。
7. A lawyer should exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of a client.
律師應代表當事人獨立進行法律專業判斷。
8. A lawyer should preserve the confidences and secrets of client.
律師應當為當事人保密。
9. A lawyer should represent a client competently.
律師應稱職地擔任當事人的代理。
10. A lawyer should represent a client zealously within the bounds of the law.
律師應在法律范圍內熱忱為當事人代理。
11. Can you contact the solicitors representing the vendors?
你能與代表賣主的律師聯系嗎？
12. Counsel is instructed to settle the defense.
律師接受指示處理辯護事項。
13. Counsel for the plaintiff opposed the defendant's application for an adjournment.
原千律師反對被告的休庭申請。
14. Counsel for the prosecution opened with a description of the accused's family.
起訴方律師開始發言時對被告的家庭背景做了描述。
15. Counsel must not lead the witness.
律師不得誘導證人。
16. Counsel pleaded the accused's age in extenuation of his actions.
律師以被告年齡為由要求減輕其行為過錯。
17. Counsel prevailed upon the judge to grant an adjournment.
律師勸說法官休庭。
18. Counsel questioned the reliability of the witness evidence.
律師對證人證詞的可靠性表示懷疑。
19. Counsel raised a point of law.
辯護人提出了一個法律問題。
20. Counsel stated that there was no case to answers, but the judge demurred.
律師聲明沒有必要進行答辯,但法官表示不同意。
21. Defense counsel made a speech in mitigation.
為獲判刑被告律師做了發言。
22. Defense counsel put his case.
辯護律師提出他的論點。
23. He has set up in practice as a solicitor.
他已是一個開業“初級律師”。
24. He is a partner in a law firm.
他是律師事務所的合伙人。
25. He was denied the right to see his lawyer.
他被剝奪了會見律師的權利。
26. Sound legal advice depends upon the lawyer, being fully informed by the client.
好的法律咨詢意見取決于律師是否能從當事人處獲得充分信息。
27. The accused decided to dispense with the services of a lawyer.
被告決定不要律師的服務。
28. The solicitor attempted to have the charge dropped.
初級律師試圖使原告撤訴。
29. The solicitor paid the fine on behalf of his client.
初級律師代表訴訟委托人支付了罰款(金)。
30. The solicitor sent an extract of the deeds.
初級律師寄出一份契據的摘錄本。

 

 

二十九、藐視法庭（Contempt of court）
1. At common law, conduct tending to interfere with the course of justice in particular legal proceedings constitutes criminal contempt.
在普通法上，意在干預具體法律程序的司法過程之行為將構成藐視法庭罪。

2. Because contemptuous conduct interferes with the administration of justice, it is punishable, usually by fine or imprisonment.
因為藐視法庭行為干擾司法職能，故應予懲罰，通常可處罰金或監禁刑。
3. Criminal contempt is crime that is punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
咆哮公堂是犯罪行為，可處罰金，監禁或并處。
4. He is in danger of being in contempt of court.
他可能會犯藐視法庭罪。
5. He refused to obey the court order and was sent to prison for contempt.
他拒絕服從法院命令，因藐視法院而被收監。
6. His conduct tending to disregard the judge's order constituted contempt of court.
他不遵從法官命令之行為構成了藐視法庭罪。
7. The judge imposed an instant fine upon the contemnor.
法官當即對藐視法庭者處了罰金。
8. The judge's decision sets a precedent for future cases of contempt of court.
法官的裁決為未來的藐視法庭案制定了一個先例。
9. The lawyer was fined $500 for contempt of court.
該律師因藐視法庭罪被處500美元罰金。
10. The sanctions for civil contempt end upon compliance with order.
對民事上的藐視法庭罪孽的懲罰在當事人遵循法院命令后即結束。

 

三十、陪審團（Jury）
1. Every defendant charged with a felony has a right to be charged by the Grand Jury.
重罪被告都有權由大陪審團審理。
2. He chose to stand trial by jury.
他選擇了陪審審判。

3. The accused made his election for jury trial.
被告選擇了由陪審團參加的審判。
4. The judge directed the jury to acquit all the defendants.
法官指示陪審團裁定所有被告無罪。
5. The jury brought in a verdict of not guilty.
陪審團作了無罪裁定。
6. The jury found him guilty and did not recommend mercy.
陪審團裁定他有罪，且未提出寬大處理。
7. The jury has to decide whom to believe among a mass of conflicting evidence.
在一大堆相互抵觸的證據中陪審團必須決定相信哪能一方。
8. The jury reached a unanimous verdict of not guilty.
陪審團一致裁決無罪。
9. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the judge will pass sentence next week.
陪審團裁定有罪，法官將于下周判刑。
10. The jury was unable to reach a unanimous decision.
陪審團未能達成意見一致的裁決。

 

三十一、票據（Instrument）
1. A bona fide holder for value takes free from any defect inthe title of his predecessors.
有價證券善持有人有受前手所有權缺陷的影響。
2. A check cannot be accepted.
支票不得承兌。
3. An endorsement by the drawee is null and void.
付款人背書無效。
4. An instrument is a document of title to money.
票據是代表金錢支付權利的文據。
5. Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation.
每張票據都構成一份獨立的體現支付義務的合同。
6. The bill of exchange was in its inception confine largely to the financing of foreign trade.
匯票最初主要限于在外貿金融活動中使用。
7. The check is payable to bearer.
向持票人付款的支票。
8. The promissory note is a document in which a promises to pay a sum of money to B.
本票是規定甲方向乙方支付一筆款額的一種文據。
9. They would almost certainly be held by the court to be negotiable instruments, albeit outside the scope of the Bills of Exchange Act.
盡管不在《匯票法》規定之內，但法院幾乎肯定將它們裁定為是流通票據。
10. This autonomy of the payment obligation is essential to the marketability of instrument.
支付義務的自動履行對票據的可流通性非常重要

 

三十二、破產（Bankruptcy）
1. A debtor may file for bankruptcy, which is called "voluntary bankruptcy".
債務人可以申請破產，這叫做“自愿破產”。
2. Bankruptcy protects the debtor from debt collection by creditors.
破產程序保護債務人免受債權人的討債。
3. He was adjudicated or declared bankrupt.
他被宣判或宣布破產。
4. I'm broke.
我破產了。
5. Insolvency matters are covered under the Bankruptcy Code.
資不抵債事項由《破產法典》調整。
6. The company was close to bankruptcy.
公司接近破產。
7. The company was declared insolvent.
公司被宣布無清償能力。
8. The court appointed a receiver to administer and liquidate the assets of an insolvent corporation.
法院指定了一個接管人以管理和清算破產公司的資產。
9. The creditors decided ot initiate a bankruptcy proceeding.
債權人決定提起破產之訴。
10. The debt was discharged in bankruptcy.
在破產中債務被解除。

 

三十三、侵權（Tort）
1. In tort law the duty is imposed by the law.
在侵權法中，責任是由法律規定的。
2. Some jurisdictions have established this tort to provide a rimedy for malicious deeds.
有些司法管轄區規定了此種侵權行為，目的是對惡意行為受害人提供救濟。
3. Such tort-feasors are jointly and severally liable.
此種侵權行為為要承擔共同和連帶責任。
4. The law of tort provides rules of conduct that regulate how members fo society interact and remedies if the rules are breached and damage is suffered.
侵權行為法提供行為規則，規范社會成員的相互交往以及在該規則被違反和損害發生是，如何進行救濟。
5. The law of tort aims to compensate those who have suffered as a result of a tort.
侵權行為法的目的在于補償被侵害人。
6. Tort law is a branch of civil law that is connected with civil wrongs, but not contract actions.
侵權法屬于民法的一部分，其與民事過錯相關，與合同行為無關。
7. Trot liability for negligence presupposes causality between the negligent act and the injury to person or property.
過失侵權責任以過失行為與對人身或財產的侵權之間的因果關系為前提。

8. Trots are in themselves sufficient grounds for bringing an action without the need to prove that damage has been suffered.
侵權本身足民構成起訴某人的證據，無須證明遭受了損失。
9. Torts can be divided into three categories depending on whether liability is based on intent, on negligence, or is absolute or strict without either intent or negligence.
侵權可根據侵權責任的不同分為三類，故意侵權責任，過失侵權責任，絕對侵權責任或無過錯嚴格侵權責任。
10. Two of the largest categories of civil law are contract law and tort law.
民法中最大兩個類別是合同法和侵權法。

 

三十四、上訴（Appeal）
1. Generally a party has the right to appeal any judgment to at least one higher court.
通常當事人對任何判決至少一次上訴權。
2. He applied for judicial review by way of certiorari.
他申請用簽發調卷令的方法獲得司法審查。
3. He has appealed to the Supreme Court.
他向最高法院上訴。
4. He lost his appeal to the House of Lords.
他在向上院提起的上訴中敗訴。
5. The appeal court dismissed the appeal by wasy of case stated.
上訴法院以書面審理下級法院的判案陳述方法駁回上訴。
6. The appeal court overrode the decision of the lower court.
上訴法院撤銷了下級法院的裁決。
7. The appeal court quashed the verdict.
上訴法院撤消了裁決。
8. The appeal court reduced the fine imposed by the magistrates and released the sentence to seven year's imprisonment.
上訴法院減少了治安官所處的罰金，并將刑期減少到七年。
9. The Appeal Court rejected the appeal on a technicality.
上訴法院駁回了就技術細節問題的上訴。
10. The appeal from the court order will be heard next month.
不服法院判決的上訴將于下月審理。
11. The appeal judge held that the defendant was not in breach of his statutory duty.
上訴法院法官裁定被告沒有不履行他的法定職責。
12. The appeal was adjourned for affidavits to be obtained.
為獲得宣誓證明書，上訴被推遲。
13. The appeal was rejected by the House of Lords.
上院拒絕受理上訴。
14. The applicant sought judicial review to quash the bin-dover order.
申請人請求司法審理以便廢除責令某人守法的命令。
15. The Bill proposes that any party to the proceedings may appeal.
議案建議訟任何一方都可以上訴。
16. The Court of Appeal has confirmed the judge's decision.
上訴法院維持了一審法官的判決。
17. The Court of Appeal ordered a retrial.
上訴法院命令重審。
18. The applicant sought judicial review to quash the order.
申請人尋求司法復審以撤消命令。
19. The litigants may appeal against a judgment or a ruling derived from the retrial.
當事人可就重審案件的判決或裁定進行上訴。
20. We will appeal the decision to a higher court.
我方不服判決，要向一級法院上訴。

 

三十五、審判（Trial）
1. A case is only authority for what it actually decides.
判例只能用作實際判決事項的法律依據。
2. A judgment must be impartial.
判決必須公正。
3. All legal systems have a rule that a judicial determination of a case is final.
所有法律制度的規則都是將司法判作為最終手段。
4. Before trial the defendant may move to dismiss the case on the ground that the facts alleged do not constitute a crime.
審判前，被告方可以所控事實不構成犯罪為自由權，要求撤銷案件。
5. Do not wait for the last judgment, it takes place everyday.
審判永無終止，每天都在發生。
6. He was acquitted of the crime.
他被宣判無罪。
7. He was committed for trial in the Central Criminal Court.
他被帶到中央刑事法院受審。
8. He was sentenced to five years, but should serve only three with remission.
他被判了五年徒刑，但減刑后僅服刑三年。
9. He was sentenced to two periods of years in prison, the sentences to run concurrently.
他被判處兩個兩年的徒刑，該判決合執行。
10. He was tried for murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
他因謀殺而受審并被判處終生監禁。
11. Judgment was entered for the plaintiff.
判決原告勝訴。
12. Now the court is in session.
現在開庭。
13. Order in the court.
法庭內保持肅靜。
14. She was awarded substantial damages.
她被判給予巨額損害賠償金。
15. The adjudicator has to decide impartially between the two parties.
判決者必須在雙方當事人中做公正的裁決。
16. The case is listed to heard next week.
該案已被安排在下周審理。
17. The clerk to the justices read out the indictment.
書記員宣讀了刑事起訴書。
18. The case has been stood over to next week.
案子的審理被推遲到下個星期進行。
19. The court adjourned for a ten-minute break.
休庭10分鐘。
20. The hearing proceeded after the protesters were removed from the courtroom.
抗議者被逐出法庭后審理繼續進行。
21. The hearings were held in camera.
審判秘密進行。
22. The hearing was held up while counsel argued over procedural problems.
當律師分爭論程序問題時，審理被停止。
23. The offence carries a maximum sentence of two year's imprisonment.
該罪行可最多可判處兩年監禁。
24. The power to hear cases is called jurisdiction.
審理案件的權力稱為審判權。
25. The trial lasted six days.
審判延續了六天。
26. The trial took place in the absence of the defendant.
審判在被告缺席的情況下進行。
27. The clerk of the court read out the charges.
書記員宣讀了控告書。
28. The objective of the pre-trial hearing is to shorten the actual trial time without infringing upon the rights of either party.
預審程序的目的在于縮短實際審理的時間而不侵犯雙方當事人的權利。
29. They all stood up when the judges entered the courtroom.
當法官進入法庭進他們全部起立。
30. To give him a fair and impartial hearing is of great importance.
讓他獲得公下和無偏見的審理是很重要的。

 

三十六、稅收（Tax）  
1. An income tax deduction is allowed for bad debt.
壞賬在計算所得稅時可作為一個抵減項。
2. Filing a false tax return is under the penalties of perjury to taxing authorities.
提交虛假稅收申請表將以對稅務當局作偽證論處。
3. He was convicted of tax evasion.
他因逃稅被定罪。
4. It is the duty of citizens to pay taxes in accordance with the law.
公民有依照法律納稅的義務。
5. Some state statutes impose special taxes, usually in the form of stamp tax,on sales of stock.
有些州的法規對股票銷售征收特種稅，通常是以印花稅的形式征收。
6. The federal income tax is governed by the Internal Revenue Code.
聯邦所得稅事項由《國內稅收法典》調整。
7. The tax court has jurisdiction over questions of law and fact arising under the tax laws.
稅務法院對因稅法而產生的法律和事實問題具有管轄權。
8. The tax is assessed as a percentage of the assigned value of a corporation's capital stock.
此稅是按公司股份總額的百分比予以征收。
9. The tax is levied without statutory authority.
征收此稅缺乏法律依據。
10. The tax ruling has retrospective effect.
該稅務裁定具有溯及力。

 

三十七、死刑（Death penalty）
1. A sentencing judge is required to consider any mitigating circumstances befor imposing the death penalty.
在處死刑之前，要求量刑法官必須考慮是否有任何減輕罪行之情節。

2. Capital punishment for murder is based on the idea that if a person kills someone, he must pay with his own life.
針對謀殺的死刑判決是基于這樣一個理念：如果一個殺死了某人，他必須用自已的生命作為補償。
3. Death penalty is usually imposed because of some type of gross misconduct.
死刑經常只對某類別的嚴重犯罪懲處。
4. He was executed by firing squad.
他被行刑隊處決。
5. He was guilty of a capital crime.
他犯了死刑。
6. He was sentenced to death but was reprieved by the president.
他被判處死刑但被總統下令緩期執行。
7. The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
死刑減成終身監役。
8. The prisoners were condemned to death.
囚犯們被判死刑。
9. The punishment for treason is death.
對叛國罪的處罰是處死。
10. They argued about whether the statute mandating the death penalty is unconstitutional.
他們就規定死刑的法規是否違憲進行爭論。

 

三十八、訴辯狀（Pleading）
1. A lawsuit begins with the filing of a complaint.
訴訟從提交訴狀開始。
2. A pleading is a legal document filed with the court that sets forth the position and contentions of a party.
訴辯狀是向法院提交的，陳述當事人立場和主張的法律文書。
3. An answer usually sets forth the defendant's defenses and counterclaims.
辯護狀通常寫也被告的答辯和反訴。
4. Certain defenses may be made by motion rather than included in the answer.
某些辯護可以動議提出，而不是包括在答辯狀中。
5. In some circumstances, a party must obtain the court's permission to amend its complaint.
在某些情況下，當事人必須經法院許可方能修改其訴訟。
6. Pleadings must be submitted to the court when the action is set down for trail.
當案件確定正式審判后，訴辯狀必須呈交法院。
7. The defendant was given a copy of information before he was called upon to plead.
被告在被傳喚進行辯護之前收到一份警方起訴書副本。
8. The indictment was incorrectly worded.
刑事訴狀的措辭不正確。
9. The statement of claim was stuck out because it disclosed no cause of action.
因未說明訴因，該起訴被取消。
10. This complaint or pleading is a statement of the charge against the defendant and the remedy sought, typically money damages.
訴狀是對被告進行指控和尋求救濟的陳述，這種救濟一般是指金錢賠償救濟。

 

三十九、訴訟（Litigation）
1. A litigant generally must make a motion in writing.
訴訟當事人通常必須作出書面申請。
2. A party must be given fair motive of the case made against him.
當事人應當被合理告知其被指控的理由。
3. Agree, for the law is costly.
私了吧，訴論太費錢。
4. An action is not given to one who is not injured.
非受害者無權進行訴論。
5. As already suggested, lawsuits do not begin themselves.
正如常所說，訴論不會自動開始。
6. He brought a libel action.
他提起誹謗之訴。
7. He had to resort to threats of court action to get repayment.
他不得不用訴訟相威脅以求獲得償還。
8. I am afraid you will to be charged for damages.
恐怕你要受到索賠指控。
9. I am sorry we have to charge for damages.
對不起，我們得提起索賠之訴。
10. If the law has other provisions concerning limitation of action, those provisions shall apply.
法律對訴訟時效另有規定，依照法律規定。
11. If there is a prosecution the onus will normally be on the prosecutor to prove the case.
如果起訴，通常由起訴人負責證明案件成立。
12. Inspection was ordered to take place seven days after discovery.
證據開示程序完成后的第七天法院命令對文件進行檢查。
13. It is a case of accidental death.
此是一個意外事故死亡案。
14. No right of action can have its origin in fraud.
欺詐不能產生訴權。
15. Possession is nine points of the law.
有財勢者在訴訟中總占上風。
16. She decided to go to law against her husband to have the dispute settled.
她決定去法院起訴丈夫以解決爭端。
17. The case represents a new development in the law of libel.
案情代表了反誹謗法的新動向。
18. The judicial process deals not with abstract questions or hypothetical situations but with actual controversies between real parties.
司法程序解決的不是抽象問題或假想情形，而是真實的當事人之間的事實之意間的事實在爭端。

 

19. The prosecution in a criminal case has to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the accused committed th crime.
在刑事案件中，控方必須毫無疑義地確認被告犯了罪。
20. Win your lawsuit and lose your money.
贏了官司輸了錢。

 

四十、訴訟費（Costs）
1. Costs of the case will be borne by the defendant.
訟案費用由被告承擔。
2. Costs will be shared equally between the two parties.
訴訟費由雙方當事人平均分擔。
3. The amount of costs payable by one party to another may be fixed by rules or determined by way of assessment.
一方當事人向另一方事人支付訴訟費數額可按規定或經評估確定。
4. The cost of litigation will be more affordable and predictable.
訴訟費將更注重民眾經濟能力，更具有可能預見性。
5. The court ordered the costs to be taxed if not agreed.
法院命令如果達不成協議訴訟費用由法院評定。
6. The defendants successfully obtained the dismissal of an appeal but were awarded no costs.
被告們成功地讓法院駁回了上訴，但卻沒得任何訴訟費。
7. The judge awarded costs to the defendant.
法官判由原告向被告支付訴訟費。
8. The party receiving costs may obtain some of those costs at an early stage.
應獲得訴訟費的一方當事人可預先得到該訴訟費的一部分。
9. The paying party is often required to pay the receiving party a sum which is less than the sum the winner has to pay his own legal representative.
支付方向受付方支付的款額經常要少于勝訴方必須支付的法律代現費數額。

10. There are two bases upon which the court may assess the amount of costs recoverable.
法院可基于兩點來評估當事人應獲得的訴訟費數額。

 

四十一、所有權（Ownership）
1. A person may own land notwithstanding that another has an easement, such as a right of way, over it.
一個人可擁有土地，盡管他人對土地具有地役權，諸如通行權。
2. A person in possession is not bound to prove that the possessions belong him.
占有者無須證明自已為物主。
3. He is the de jure owner of the property.
他是財產的注定所有權人。
4. His title to the property is defective.
他的產權具有瑕疵。
5. Marital property is the same as community property and is divided equally upon divorce.
夫妻財產也同樣屬于共同財產，離婚時應作平均分配。
6. One independent object can only and only needs to establish one property right.
一物只能且只須有一個產權。
7. One should enjoy his property in such a manner as not to injure that of another person.
享有自已的財產應以不損害他人的利益為限。
8. Ownership has been described as the entirety of powers of use and disposal allowed by law".
所有權被稱作是“法定使用權和處置權的集合體。”
9. Ownership in division is ended by a partition of the property.
未分財產的所有權經財產分割即告疑終結。
10. The ownership of the company has passed to bank.
公司的所有權已經移交銀行。

 

四十二、委托代理（Agency）
1. Both express authority and implied authority can create agency.
明示授權和默示授權都能產生代理。
2. Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents.
公民、法人可以通過代理人實施民事法律行為。
3. He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.
他以受托人身份行為。
4. Legal ownership rests with the trustee, and equitable ownership rests with the beneficiary.
受托人享有普通法上的所有權，受益人享有衡平法了的所有權。
5. She was empowered by the company to sign the contract.
她被公司授權簽署此項合同。
6. The agent is empowered to sell the property.
代理人受權出售該財產。
7. The agreement covers all agencies.
該協議包括所有代理。
8. The principal may be obligated as if it had expressly granted the authority to agent.
被代理人可能要承擔他原本未明確授權給代理人之責任。
9. They signed an agency agreement.
他們簽訂了一項代理協議。
10. The third party and the agent shall be held jointly liable.
第三人和代理人應負連帶責任。

 

四十三、未成年人違法（Juvenile delinquency）
1. A child is considered legally incapable of committing a crime.
未成年人在法律上被視為無犯罪能力的。
2. All juvenile records are closed and confidential at the court's discretion.
法庭有權裁量將任何未成年人的違法記錄進行保密。

3. Being a minor, he would not be charged as an adult for a criminal act.
作為未成年人，他將不會因犯罪行為像成人一樣被起訴。
4. Having taken the age of the accused into consideration, the court has decided to give him a suspended sentence.
考慮到被告的年齡，法院決定給他緩期處刑。
5. A Person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen who commits a crime shall be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.
已滿14周歲但未滿18周歲的人犯罪，應當從輕或者減輕處罰。
6. The appeal court quashed the care order made by the juvenile court.
上訴法院廢除了少年法院簽發的監護。
7. The emphasis in juvenile courts is upon rehabilitation of youthful offenders rather than punishment.
少年法庭的重心是使青少年違者回歸社會而非懲罰。
8. The juvenile court may expunge or destroy the records of a juvenile at any time.
少年法庭可在任何時候刪除或者銷毀未成年人的記錄。
9. The juvenile delinquent was sent to the reformatory.
該少年違者被關進教養院改造。
10. When the offense was committed, he was under the age of majority.
犯罪時他還未成年。

 

四十四、消費者權益（Consumer’s right）
1. Can I bring criminal charges against a seller for an anti-consumer action?
對銷售者反對消費者的行為我可以提起刑事訴訟嗎？
2. Consumers are entitled to choose their own commodities or services.
消費者有權挑選商品和服務。
3. He sought to hold the manufacturer of the article liable for defects.
他企圖追究制造者對瑕疵產品的責任。
4. If the seller of goods does not live up to the standards of conduct and performance set by the licensing agency, loss of license can result.
如果商品銷售者沒有達到發證機構制定的行為和表現標準，可能會導致吊銷許可證的后果。
5. The consumer will enjoy increasing protection by the law.
消費者受到的法律保護將越來越多。
6. The Federal Trade Commission has the broadest consumer protection duties.
聯邦貿易委員會具有最廣泛的保護消費者權益的職責。
7. The fraud case has been covered by the consumer protection legislation.
欺詐案已被包括在消費者保護立法之中。
8. The law also provides that the consumer has the right to cancel any door-to-door contract.
法律還規定消費者人權撤銷任何送貨上門買賣合同。
9. This law has been formulated to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
為保護消費者的合法權益特制定本法。
10. When a consumer suit is won, the seller is likely to be required to pay damages.
當消費者權益保護之訴勝訴，賣方可能不得不支付賠償金。

 

四十五、信托（Trust）
1. A trust can be presumed by operation of law.
信托關系可以法律推定成立。
2. A trust may be created orally, but usually is set up in a written form.
信托關系可以口關建立，但一般卻是經書面文件形式建立。
3. He left his property in trust for his daughter.
他將財產交他人為自己的女兒托管。
4. He will be found liable if he assists a trustee to commit a dishonest breach of trust.
如果他幫助受托人不誠實地違反信托，他將被判處承擔法律責任。
5. The court appointed a bankruptcy trustee to administer the property a debtor.
法院指定一名破產財產托管人以管理債務人的財產。
6. The trust instrument must identify the trust property, the trustee, and the beneficiaries, and state the terms of the trust.
信托文件必須確認信托財產、受托人和受益人，并寫明信托條款。
7. The trustee must manage the trust property for the beneficiary.
受托人必須受益人管理信托財產。
8. To the beneficiary the trustee owes a fiduciary duty.
受托人對受益人負有信托義務。
9. Trusts developed out of the old English use.
信托源于古老的英國慣例。
10. Whereas the property is held in trust for the appellant.
鑒于財產是為上訴人托管的。

 

四十六、刑罰（Punishment）
1 .Criminal punishment ought to be based upon blameworthiness only, and not imposed upon those cannot be blamed.
刑罰只能建立在可責性的基礎上，不可責者不應受罰。
2. Guilt always hurries towards its complement, i.e. punishment, only there does its satisfaction lie.
犯罪總很快得到相應的懲罰，只有處罰才能使犯罪得到償還。
3. He was kept in solitary confinement for a week.
他被單獨監禁了一周。
4. If the prosecution can prove that the defendant acted "for purpose of commercial advantage", the maximum sentence is five years in prison.
如控方能夠證明被告的行為系“以商業利益目的”則最高刑罰是監禁五年。
5. Legal circumstances and consideration circumstances show no difference and work in coordination in the course of discretion of punishment.
在量刑裁定上，法定情節和酌定情節具有一致性和功能互補性。
6. No one can be punished twice for the same offence.
一罪不二罰。
7. Punishment is justice for the unjust.
懲罰是對正義的伸張。
8. Punishment ought to be inflicted upon the guilty, and not upon others.
刑罰應依據罪行而不立依據其他因素。
9. The goal of punishment should be to reform the criminal so that he will not commit a crime again.
刑罰的目的應該是改造罪犯使其不再犯罪。
10. That justice with absolutely prevents a crime is better than that which severely punishes it.
從根本上防范犯罪的司法體制要好于嚴厲懲罰犯罪的體制。

 

四十七、刑法原則（Criminal law principles）
1.An act is not a crime unless the law says it is one.
法無明文規定者不為罪。
2. An essential function of the criminal law is to define the boundary between what conduct is criminal and what is merely immoral.
刑法的本質功能在于明確了犯罪行為與公非道德行為的界限。
3. Criminal Law is not only the Magra Carta of the innocent, but also the Magra Carta which makes the sinner.
刑法既是善良人的《大憲章》，也是犯罪人的《大憲章》。
4. Divine punishments though slow, are always sure.
天網恢恢，疏而不漏。
5. Duress provides no defense to a charge of murder.
受到脅迫不能成為謀殺指控之抗辯。
6. Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.
正當防衛不屬于犯罪行為。
7. Prevention and punishment are essential reasons why we have criminal law and a criminal justice system.
預防和處罰犯罪是制訂和建立司法體系的主要原因。
8. No crime without a law.
法無明文規定者不為罪。
9. No one can be forced to incriminate himself.
任何人不得被強制自證其罪。

10. Penal statutes must not be given retroactive effect.
刑法不得溯及既往。

 

四十八、刑事偵察（Criminal investigation）
1. After the judge dismissed the case, the police refused to investigate further.
法官駁回此案后，警方拒絕作進一步偵破。
2. Ballistics was used in the criminal case to determine the gun's firing capacity.
在該刑事案件中人們運用彈道學原理來確定槍的發射力。
3. Investigating detention is constitutional only if probable cause exists.
只有在合理依據成立時，非正式偵破性拘押才不是違法的。
4. Investigating power was used to compel the bank to disclose some facts.
人們運用偵察權以強迫銀行披露某些事實。
5. The coroner found that the death was not due to natural causes.
死因調查官發現該死亡不屬于自然死亡。
6. The investigating magistrate is thus a kind of quasi-judge standing halfway between the prosecutor and the court.
由此，預審治安官是位于檢察官和法官之間的一種標準法官。
7. The law has been made obsolete by new developments in forensic science.
法醫學的新發展使該法過時。
8. The police have power to hold a suspect during the investigation of his participation in a crime.
在調查嫌疑犯是否參加期間，警方有權拘押嫌疑犯。
9. The police investigated the suspect's involvement in the murder.
警方調查嫌疑犯與謀殺的干系。
10. The policeman found the man was a fugitive during a stop and frisk for weapons.
在攔截和搜查武器時，警察發現該人是個逃犯。

 

 

 

四十九、業務交易（Transaction）
1. A corporation shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered.
公司應當在核準登記的經營范圍內從事經營。
2. A transaction between two parties shouldn't operate to the disadvantage of a third party.
兩方當事人之間的交易不得對第三方不利。
3. Goods will be supplied within thirty days of receipt of order.
在收到定單后30天內供貨。
4. In the case for goods, the seller must act in good faith.
貨物的賣方須善意。
5. Invoices are payable within thirty days of receipt.
發票收到后30天內付款。
6. Is there any red tape involved in starting up any form of business?
開辦企業有何法律規定？
7. The payment has to countersign by the mortgagor.
該付款必須有抵押人的會簽。
8. The sale of goods acts only apply to the sale of goods and have no application when services are provided.
貨物買賣法僅適用于貨物的買賣而不適用于提供服務。
9. We are pleased to inform you that you offer has been accepted.
我們高興地通知你方：你們的發盤已被接受。
10. You should repay before the expiration of the stated period.
你應該在規定日期結束前付款。

 

五十、醫療保健（Medical care）
1. A surgery conformed to standard practice is not medical malpractice.
遵守標準慣例的手術不能算作醫療事故。
2. Thought it is not malpractice, you still have recourse under the law.
盡管其不算醫療事故，你仍然可以依法得到救濟。

3. The arrangement you make with a plastic surgeon should be deemed as a contract.
你與整潔外科醫生的協議應被視為是合同。
4. Legally, a doctor commits medical malpractice when he departs from standard practice.
從法律角度上講，醫生背離標準慣例則構成醫療失職。
5. Your pregnancy is not the result of the doctor's malpractice.
你的懷孕不能歸咎于醫生的失職。
6. Should an injury result from nonstandard practice, a malpractice claim for damages could be made.
如果傷害是因非標準治療引起，你可以提起醫療事故之索賠主張。
7. The doctor negligent of his duty may face not only a malpractice suit but also a criminal indictment.
玩忽職守的醫生人僅會遭受失職之訴，而且還可能受到刑事指控。
8. Misdiagnosis may be malpractice.
誤診可能是一種失職行為。
9. A doctor is responsible for the actions of his staff.
醫生應當對他的助手的行為負責。
10. The death of the patient because of her doctor's choice of C-section was not medical malpractice in and of itself.
該病人因其醫生選擇剖腹產而死亡一事其本身并非醫療失職行為。

 

五十一、遺囑和繼承（Will & succession）
1. A will needs the signature of the testator and two witnesses.
一份遺囑需要立遺囑人和兩個證人簽字。
2. He bequeathed his shares to his daughter.
他將他的份額遺贈給他的女兒。
3. He was named executor of his brother's will.
他被提名做他兄弟的遺囑執行人。
4. He would like part of his estate to go to relatives other than his immediate family.
他寧愿將其部分遺產贈與遠親而非近親屬。
5. Hereby revoke all former wills, codicils and testamentary dispositions made by me and declare to be my last will and testament.
在此特撤銷本人以前訂立之所有遺囑，遺囑修訂附件及按遺囑進行的產權處置，并宣布本遺囑為人最終之遺囑。
6. She died without issue.
她死后無嗣。
7. The main beneficiaries of the will are the deceased's family.
遺囑的主要受益人是死者的家庭成員。
8. The will was signed in the presence of two witnesses.
本遺囑是在兩位證人面前簽署的。
9. You can disinherit your children.
你可以剝奪子女的繼承權。
10. Your possessions will be distributed by the state under its statute of descent if you die without a will.
如一個人無遺囑死亡,其財產將按州的法定繼承法規予以處置。

 

五十二、原告和被告（Plaintiff & defendant）  
1. The accused admitted six other offences.
被告承認其他六個犯罪行為。
2. The accused had no criminal record.
被告沒有前科。
3. The accused throughout is presumed to be innocent unless he admits the offence or until he is proved beyond reasonable doubt to be guilty.
在招認犯罪或毫無疑義地被證實有罪之前，被告都應被推定無罪。
4. The accused was convicted of murder and will be sentenced next week.
被告已被定謀殺罪并于下周判刑。
5. The accused was found to be innocent.
被告被判無罪。
6. The case proceeded notwithstanding the objections of the defendant.
盡管被告反對，訴訟照常進行。
7. The defendant applied for an extension of time in which to serve her defense.
被告申請延長她送答辯狀的時間。
8. The defendant asked permission to address the court.
被告要求允許他在法庭講話。
9. The defendant entered defense of justification.
被告用被控行為正當為由進行辯護。
10. The defendant has the right to file a counter-suit.
被告有權提起反訴。
11. The defendant has applied for an adjournment.
被告提出休庭申請。
12. The defendant is in breach of his statutory duty.
被告未履行他的法定義務。
13. The defendant prevailed in the case.
被告勝訴。
14. The defendant was in court for three hours.
被告被法庭審了三個小時。
15. The defense attorney's objection was overruled by the judge.
被告辯護律師提出的反對意見被法官駁回。
16. The lack of good will was evidenced by the defendant's behavior in the witness stand.
被告在證人席的行為顯示其缺乏善意。
17. The plaintiff is seeking remedy through the courts.
原告正通過法院尋求救濟。
18. The relief the plaintiff sought was an injunction and damages.
原告請求的救濟為強制令和損害賠償金。
19. The plaintiff's account and defendant's response were filed with a master in chancery.
原告的指控和被告的辯護被提交給了司法衡平法院的主事官。
20. The respondent was not acting bona fide.
被告的行為不真誠。

五十三、責任（Duty）
1. A duty is an obligation of law imposed on a person to perform or refrain from performing a certain act.
責任是法律所規定的一個人為或不為之義務。
2. A person who causes harm in exercising justifiable defense shall not bear vivil liability.
因正當防衛造成損害的,不承擔民事責任。
3. Failure to observe the code does not render anyone liable to proceedings.
違反該法典者并不承擔訴訟責任。
4. If two or more persons jointly infringe upon another person's rights and cause him damage, they shall bear joint liability.
兩人以上共同侵權造成他損害的，應當承擔共同責任。
5. Ignorance of fact excuses.
不知情可作為免責的理由。
6. The amount of damages is governed by the seriousness of the injuries suffered.
損失賠償金取決于所遭損失的嚴重程度。
7. The customer is liable for breakages.
顧客對破損承擔法律責任。
8. They are jointly and severally liable.
他們應承擔共同和連帶責任。
9. Will the new law free owners from responsibility to their tenants?
新法將免除所有人對承租人承擔的責任嗎？
10.What are the grounds for the claim for damages?
提出損害賠償金要求的根據是什么？

 

五十四、贈與（Gift）
1. A donation of $1 million has been presented to the sufferers by a wealthy lady.
一個有錢的太太向受難者捐贈了100美元。

2. A gift is a present transfer of property by one person to another without any consideration or compensation.
贈與是一方不考慮任何對價或補償而現實的轉移財產所有權予另一方。
3. A gift to "my child" that does not set out the children's name is a class gift.
不具體寫明子女姓名,只寫出贈與"我的子女"之贈與是概括贈與。
4. Capacity of donor is one of the essential requisites of "gift".
贈與人的行為能力是"贈與"的一個重要前提。
5. In the case of a gift the thing itself passes to the donee.
就贈與而言，贈物本身要交付給受贈人。
6. Only a complete gift is taxable under the gift tax.
根據贈與稅規定，只有完全贈與才應納稅。
7. Payment of gift tax is the obligation of the donor,not the recipient.
交納贈與稅的義務在贈與人而非受贈人。
8. The gift is subject to the federal unified transfer tax.
該贈與應交納聯邦統一轉讓稅。
9. The gift must be made with a view to the donor's present illness or peril.
該贈與必須是在贈與人目前生病或遇到危險時作出。
10. The gift was made subject to certain conditions imposed on the recipient.
此贈與附有受贈人必須遵守的某些條件。

 

五十五、債務（Debt）  
1. A debtor is a person or an entity that is the subject of a bankruptcy action.
破產債務人是指作為破產訴訟主體的一個人或一實體。
2. He is primarily liable for his debts.
他對債務負有主要責任。
3. He was imprisoned for debt.
他因債務而入獄。
4. If no payment of the debt is made,the party may be sued.
如不償倆，該當事人可能會被起訴。

5. The balance sheet shows the corporation's assets and liabilities.
資產負債表說明了公司的資產和債務情況。
6. The captain will not be responsible for any debts contracted by the crew.
船長不得對船員所欠的任何債務負責。
7. The company collects debts for other companies for a commission.
該公司為其他公司討債以收取傭金。
8. The company had to borrow heavily to repay its debts.
該公司只能大量供貨以償還債務。
9. The firm stopped trading with debts of over $1 million.
企業因負債100萬美元而停止貿易。
10. The judgment debtor was given fourteen days in which to show cause why the charging order should not be made absolute.
給判定債務人14天的時間以證明債權人提出的扣押償債令申請不能成立之理由。

 

五十六、招投標（Bidding）
1. A contractor bidding for a construction is required to prepare many bid documents.
參與建筑工程投標的承包商要準備許多投標文件。
2. All bids are kept secret until the winning bid is announced.
所有標書都予保密，直至宣布中標。
3. All bids must be accompanied by a bid bond or bank guarantee of two per cent of total bid price.
所有投標文件必須連同占投標部份 2%的投標保證金或銀行保函一起提交。
4. Each bid is submitted in writing and is referred to as a sealed bid.
第份標書都以局面形式提交，并被視為密封投標。
5. For the open bid ,bidders may revise their bids repeatedly.
對于開放式招標，投標者們可以反復修改自己的標書。
6. I regret to inform you that your tender was not acceptable.
我遺憾地通知貴方，你們的投標不能被接受。
7. The bidder withdrew his bid after submission of his bid.
投標者在投標之后撤銷了投標書。
8. The company bid $5 million for the contract to build the bridge.
該公司以500萬美元競標大橋建設合同。
9. The firm decided to bid on the new subway.
該企業決定參加新地鐵的競標。
10. We decided to invite tender for the project.
我們決定為該工程招標。

 

五十七、證據（Evidence）
1. A confession made in court is of greater importance than all proof.
庭上招認，遠勝諸證。
2. All the evidence points to arson.
所有證據表明是縱火。
3. At the trial, all witnesses are required to attend the court.
在審理過程中，所有證人都應到庭。
4. Discovery is the process of uncovering each party's documents to the other before a hearing starts.
證據開示是指審判之前各方將自己的書證披露給對方的一種程序。
5. He attempted to rebut the assertions made by the prosecution witness.
他試圖反駁控方證人所作的斷言。
6. His case was not helped by the evidence of the expert witness.
專家證人的證據沒有給該案幫上忙。
7. Inadmissible hearsay evidence was expunged from the report.
從報告中刪除不可采信的傳聞證據。
8. Is there enough evidence to prosecute?
有沒有起訴的足夠證據？
9. Just because evidence is relevant does not mean that it is admissible.
證據僅僅具有關聯性并不意味著它便具有可采性。
10. Most people are competent to give evidence.
多數人都有資格提供證據。

11. None of the aforementioned evidence shall serve as the basis of establishment of facts before it has been ascertained and verified.
上述證據必須查證屬實，才能作為認定事實的根據。
12. Reliability of eyewitness evidence is never absolute.
目擊證人的證據并非絕對可靠。
13. She was ruled a hostile witness by the judge.
她被法官裁定是敵意證人。
14. The chief method is to take depositions of parties and witnesses.
主要的方法是錄取當事人和證人的宣誓證言。
15. The confession was not admitted in court, because the accused claimed it had been extorted.
因為聲稱逼供，故供認未被法庭采信。
16. The evidence of the wife conflicts with that of her husband.
妻子的證據與丈夫的相悖。
17. The new evidence changed the direction of the hearing.
新證據改變了審訊的方向。
18. The objection is sustained, and the witness will not answer the question.
反對有效，證人可不對問題做回答。
19. The onus of proof is on the plaintiff.
證明責任在于原告。
20. The people's court shall collect and examine evidence comprehensively and objectively.
人民法院應當全面，客觀地搜集和調查證據。
21. The testimony of one witness is equivalent to the testimony of none.
一人作證等于無人作證。
22. The witness's evidence is a mass of contradictions.
證人的證據矛盾百出。
23. The witness's statement does not agree with that of the accused.
證人的陳述與被告不一致。

24. The witness was unable to provide corroboration of what he had told the police.
證人無法證實他對警方的陳述。
25. There can be no application of the parole evidence rule unless there is a written contract.
除非有局面合同，否則不得適用口頭證據規則。
26. We are waiting for the judge to rule on the admissibility of the defense evidence.
我們在等待法官對被告方證據的可采性做出裁決。
27. Which evidence will prevail?
哪一樣證據會被采信？
28. Witnesses are weighed, not numbered.
證據重質不重量。
29. Witnesses must testify in person and be subject to cross-examination.
證人必須親自出庭憑證并接受雙方訊問。
30. You have the right to remain silent, but anything you say can be used against you in the court.
你有權保持沉默但你所說的第句話都可能成為在法庭上不利于你的證據。

 

五十八、證券（Securities）
1. A security involutes some form of investment contract.
證券涉及某種形式的投資合同。
2. A security is the evidence of indebtedness or certificate of interest in a profit sharing contract.
證券是一個分享利潤的合同的債權憑證或權益證明。
3. A stock subscription is an agreement to buy a specific number and kind of shares when they are issued by the corporation.
認購股票書是在公司發行股票時購買具體數額和種類的股票的協議。
4. His portfolio contains shares in the major steel companies.
他的投資組合包括在大鋼鐵公司的股票。
5. Securities differ from most other commodities in which people deal.
證券不同于人們所交易的多數商品。
6. Securities become a kind of currency, traded in the so-called “secondary market” at fluctuating price.
證券變成一種貨幣，在所謂的“第二市場”以波動價格予以交易。
7. Shares in the company are traded on the Stock Market.
該公司的股票在證券交易所進行交易。
8. The harm from insider trading is the interference with the disclosure of corporate information.
幕后交易所致的損害是對公司信息的披露之干擾。
9. The securities markets are important national assets that must be preserved and strengthened.
證券市場 是重要的國家資產，必須予以保護和加強。
10. The value of a bond, note or other promise to pay depends on the financial condition of the promise.
債券、票據或其他支付允諾之價值取決于允諾人的經濟狀況。

 

五十九、知識產權（Intellectual property）
1. A patent is a governmental grant of an exclusive monopoly as an incentive and a reward for a new invention.
專利權是政府對一項新發明授予的獨立性權利，以給予發明鼓勵和獎勵。
2. Goods that must bear a registered trademark may not be marketed unless an application therefore has been approved.
規定必須使用注冊商標的商品，未經核準注冊的，不得在市場銷售。
3. It is illegal to take copies of a copyright work.
復制受版權法保護的作品是違法的。
4. Selling deliberately a commodity whose registered trademark is falsely used may constitute a crime.
銷售明知是假冒注冊商標的商品可構成犯罪。
5. The court granted the plaintiff an injunction restraining the defendant from breaching copyright.
法院應原告申請簽發禁令，制止被告侵犯版權。
6. The reproduction of copyright material without the permission of the copyright holder is banned by law.
未經版權所有人的許可復制受版權法律保護的資料是違法的。
7. The sale of pirated discs has been banned.
禁止出售盜版光碟。
8. To be patentable an invention must be novel, useful and non-obvious.
要獲得專利，發明必須具備新穎性、實用性和非顯易見性。
9. “Utility Model”means any new technical solution relating to the shape, the structure, or their combination, of a product, which is fit for practical use.
“實用新型”是指對產品的形狀、結構或組合所提出的具有實用性的新技術方案。
10. Unauthorized use of the registered trademarks of others is illegal.
未經授權使用他人注冊商標是違法的。

 

六十、仲裁（Arbitration）
1. An arbitration board was formed to hear and decide the dispute according to the rules of arbitration.
成立了一個仲裁委員會以按照仲裁規則審理和裁決該爭端。
2. Any dispute or difference arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be determined by arbitration.
凡因本合同而產生的或與本合同相關的爭議或分歧均應通過仲裁予以解決。
3. Any issue of public policy is outside the scope of arbitration.
任何公共政策問題都不在仲裁范圍之內。
4. Arbitration can sometimes be cheaper and quicker than litigation.
仲裁有時會比訴訟要省錢和省時。
5. An Arbitrator is a neutral person who resolves disputes between parties.
仲裁員是解決雙方當事人爭議的持中立態度的人。
6. The arbitrator issued a final decision regarding the meaning of the contractual terms.
仲裁員簽發了有關合同條款含義的最后裁決。

7. The arbitrator's award was set aside appeal.
上訴時仲裁決變為無效。
8. The clause provides that the parties will submit any dispute to arbitration rather than litigation.
條款規定雙方當事人之間的任何爭端應提交仲裁而非進行訴訟。
9. They agreed to arbitrate their dispute.
他們同意經仲裁解決爭端。
10. When the parties cannot agree on contractual terms, an arbitrator decides.
當雙方當事人無法就合同條款達成協議，則由仲裁員進行裁定。