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商務英語及學習 |
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英語寫作詞匯量不足時如何應急 |
出處:法律顧問網(wǎng)·涉外dl735.cn
時間:2011/6/27 12:08:00 |
做書面表達時,我們常常會碰到這種情況:一個意思往往因一個單詞不會而表達不清;一個好的句子因一個單詞想不起來而不能完成。面對這種情況,該如何應對呢?下面介紹三種簡便易行的應急措施,希望能對同學們有所幫助。 一、換用籠統(tǒng)詞 詞大體可分為兩類:籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞。籠統(tǒng)詞的特點在于意義廣泛、搭配性強。雖然它們獨自不能精確表達一個動作,但在構(gòu)成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來的時候,用籠統(tǒng)詞取代,能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have,take,it, issue等。 例:邁克經(jīng)歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫作時,若忘記了experience可用籠統(tǒng)詞have代替,寫成M ike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預期效果。 再看幾例:Are you married?= Do you have a wife /husband? Do you understand my meaning?=Do you take my meaning? She will subscribe(訂閱)to Chi- na Today.=She will take China To- day.
二、換用同義詞、反義詞 遇到未曾學過的詞或一時想不起的詞時,可采用發(fā)散性思維,發(fā)揮想象力,盡可能想出與之有關的同義詞、反義詞,利用語言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、多層次、多角度地運用語言,使單詞受阻現(xiàn)象得以解決。 例:昨晚李雷做了一場惡夢。 Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高,不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為:Li Lei had a bad dream last night. 再如:The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious. We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine. This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet. This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap. 三、換用迂回表達 當一個詞或某些信息表達起來有困難時,要充分利用語言本身詞匯豐富、句型多變等特點,進行迂回表達。因為任何一種表達形式,只要能達意便可接受。請仔細觀察劃線部分詞語,看看是如何迂回表達的。 例:1.我從未見到過這樣頑固的人。 I"ve never seen such a stubborn person.=I"ve never seen such a person who never listens to other"s advice. 2.如果我們想得到文憑,我們必須首先通過考試。 If we want to obtain a diploma,we must first pass the exams.=If we want to get a graduation paper,we must first pass the exams. 3.工廠里的煙囪(chimney)拔地而起。 High chimneys have appeared in the factories.=The factories are full of high chimneys.=A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories. 4.他數(shù)學考試取得優(yōu)異成績,被大學錄取了。 He passed the maths exam /succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student. 5.中午我們吃了野餐。 At noon we had a picnic.=At noon we had our lunch in the open air.
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