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正文
At the invitation of President Hu Jintao of the People's Republic of China, President Barack Obama of the United States of America is paying a state visit to China from November 15–18, 2009. The Presidents held in-depth, productive and candid discussions on U.S.-China relations and other issues of mutual interest. They highlighted the substantial progress in U.S.-China relations over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, and they reached agreement to advance U.S.-China relations in the new era. President Obama will have separate meetings with Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Premier Wen Jiabao. President Obama also spoke with and answered questions from Chinese youth.
I. The U.S.-China Relationship
The United States and China agreed that regular exchanges between leaders of the two countries are essential to the long-term, sound, and steady growth of U.S.-China relations. The two sides are of the view that the three meetings between the two presidents and other important bilateral exchanges this year have strengthened relations. President Obama invited President Hu to make a visit to the United States next year, and President Hu accepted the invitation with pleasure. Leaders of the two countries will continue to maintain close communication through mutual visits, meetings, telephone conversations and correspondence.
The United States and China spoke highly of the important role of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and recognized that the Dialogue offers a unique forum to promote understanding, expand common ground, reduce differences, and develop solutions to common problems. Both sides believed that the first round of the Dialogue held in Washington, D.C., in July this year was a fruitful one and agreed to honor in good faith the commitments made and hold the second round in Beijing in the summer of 2010. The two sides agreed that they will continue to use the direct communication links among senior leaders to maintain timely communication on major and sensitive issues, institutionalize the annual exchange of visits by the two foreign ministers and encourage senior officials of other departments of the two countries to exchange visits on a regular basis.
The United States and China commended the outcomes of the visit to the United States by General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Central Military Commission, in October this year, and stated that they will take concrete steps to advance sustained and reliable military-to-military relations in the future. The two sides will prepare for the visit to the United States by General Chen Bingde, Chief of the General Staff of China's People's Liberation Army, and the visits to China by Robert Gates, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, and Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. The two sides will actively implement various exchange and cooperation programs agreed between the two militaries, including by increasing the level and frequency of exchanges. The goal of these efforts is to improve their capabilities for practical cooperation and foster greater understanding of each other's intentions and of the international security environment.
The United States and China agreed to deepen counter-terrorism consultation and cooperation on an equal and mutually beneficial basis and to strengthen law-enforcement cooperation. They agreed to exchange evidence and intelligence on law enforcement issues in a timely and reciprocal manner. The two countries will undertake joint investigations and provide investigative assistance on cases of mutual interest. The United States and China will strengthen cooperation on criminal investigations and deepen collaboration in combating embezzlement as well as in counter-narcotics and pre-cursor chemical control and in combating unlawful migration. They also will boost joint efforts to combat transnational crime and criminal organizations as well as money laundering and the financing of terrorism including counterfeiting and recovery of illicit funds. They will work to combat smuggling and human trafficking.
The United States reaffirmed its support for Expo 2010 Shanghai.
The United States and China applauded the rich achievements in scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges between the two countries over the past 30 years since the signing of the U.S.-China Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology and agreed to further upgrade the level of exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation through the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Science and Technology Cooperation.
The United States and China look forward to expanding discussions on space science cooperation and starting a dialogue on human space flight and space exploration, based on the principles of transparency, reciprocity and mutual benefit. Both sides welcome reciprocal visits of the NASA Administrator and the appropriate Chinese counterpart in 2010.
The United States and China agreed to strengthen their cooperation on civil aviation, and confirmed their intent to expand the Memorandum of Agreement for Technical Cooperation in the field of Civil Aviation between the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). The two sides welcomed cooperation by public and private bodies on the development of high speed railway infrastructure.
The United States and China undertook to implement the newly signed Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America and the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China on Cooperation in Agriculture and Related Fields.
The two countries agreed to collaborate further in joint research in the health sector including on stem cells. They will deepen cooperation on global public health issues, including Influenza A (H1N1) prevention, surveillance, reporting and control, and on avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. They will also enhance cooperation on food and product safety and quality.
The United States and China underlined that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model. Both sides recognized that the United States and China have differences on the issue of human rights. Addressing these differences in the spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international human rights instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the official human rights dialogue in Washington D.C. by the end of February 2010. The United States and China agreed that promoting cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law serves the interests and needs of the citizens and governments of both countries. The United States and China decided to convene the U.S.-China Legal Experts Dialogue at an early date.
The two countries noted the importance of people-to-people and cultural exchanges in fostering closer U.S.-China bilateral relations and therefore agreed in principle to establish a new bilateral mechanism to facilitate these exchanges. The two sides are pleased to note the continued increase in the number of students studying in each other's country in recent years. Nearly 100,000 Chinese are now studying in the United States, and the U.S. side will receive more Chinese students and facilitate visa issuance for them. The United States has approximately 20,000 students in China. The United States seeks to encourage more Americans to study in China by launching a new initiative to send 100,000 students to China over the coming four years. China welcomed this decision by the United States. The two sides agreed to expedite negotiations to renew in 2010 the Implementing Accord for Cultural Exchange for the Period Through 2010-2012 under the Cultural Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China. The United States and China agreed to jointly hold the Second U.S.-China Cultural Forum in the United States at an appropriate time.
The United States and China agreed that regular exchanges between leaders of the two countries are essential to the long-term, sound, and steady growth of U.S.-China relations. The two sides are of the view that the three meetings between the two presidents and other important bilateral exchanges this year have strengthened relations. President Obama invited President Hu to make a visit to the United States next year, and President Hu accepted the invitation with pleasure. Leaders of the two countries will continue to maintain close communication through mutual visits, meetings, telephone conversations and correspondence.
The United States and China spoke highly of the important role of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and recognized that the Dialogue offers a unique forum to promote understanding, expand common ground, reduce differences, and develop solutions to common problems. Both sides believed that the first round of the Dialogue held in Washington, D.C., in July this year was a fruitful one and agreed to honor in good faith the commitments made and hold the second round in Beijing in the summer of 2010. The two sides agreed that they will continue to use the direct communication links among senior leaders to maintain timely communication on major and sensitive issues, institutionalize the annual exchange of visits by the two foreign ministers and encourage senior officials of other departments of the two countries to exchange visits on a regular basis.
The United States and China commended the outcomes of the visit to the United States by General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Central Military Commission, in October this year, and stated that they will take concrete steps to advance sustained and reliable military-to-military relations in the future. The two sides will prepare for the visit to the United States by General Chen Bingde, Chief of the General Staff of China's People's Liberation Army, and the visits to China by Robert Gates, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, and Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. The two sides will actively implement various exchange and cooperation programs agreed between the two militaries, including by increasing the level and frequency of exchanges. The goal of these efforts is to improve their capabilities for practical cooperation and foster greater understanding of each other's intentions and of the international security environment.
The United States and China agreed to deepen counter-terrorism consultation and cooperation on an equal and mutually beneficial basis and to strengthen law-enforcement cooperation. They agreed to exchange evidence and intelligence on law enforcement issues in a timely and reciprocal manner. The two countries will undertake joint investigations and provide investigative assistance on cases of mutual interest. The United States and China will strengthen cooperation on criminal investigations and deepen collaboration in combating embezzlement as well as in counter-narcotics and pre-cursor chemical control and in combating unlawful migration. They also will boost joint efforts to combat transnational crime and criminal organizations as well as money laundering and the financing of terrorism including counterfeiting and recovery of illicit funds. They will work to combat smuggling and human trafficking.
The United States reaffirmed its support for Expo 2010 Shanghai.
The United States and China applauded the rich achievements in scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges between the two countries over the past 30 years since the signing of the U.S.-China Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology and agreed to further upgrade the level of exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation through the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Science and Technology Cooperation.
The United States and China look forward to expanding discussions on space science cooperation and starting a dialogue on human space flight and space exploration, based on the principles of transparency, reciprocity and mutual benefit. Both sides welcome reciprocal visits of the NASA Administrator and the appropriate Chinese counterpart in 2010.
The United States and China agreed to strengthen their cooperation on civil aviation, and confirmed their intent to expand the Memorandum of Agreement for Technical Cooperation in the field of Civil Aviation between the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). The two sides welcomed cooperation by public and private bodies on the development of high speed railway infrastructure.
The United States and China undertook to implement the newly signed Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America and the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China on Cooperation in Agriculture and Related Fields.
The two countries agreed to collaborate further in joint research in the health sector including on stem cells. They will deepen cooperation on global public health issues, including Influenza A (H1N1) prevention, surveillance, reporting and control, and on avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. They will also enhance cooperation on food and product safety and quality.
The United States and China underlined that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model. Both sides recognized that the United States and China have differences on the issue of human rights. Addressing these differences in the spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international human rights instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the official human rights dialogue in Washington D.C. by the end of February 2010. The United States and China agreed that promoting cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law serves the interests and needs of the citizens and governments of both countries. The United States and China decided to convene the U.S.-China Legal Experts Dialogue at an early date.
The two countries noted the importance of people-to-people and cultural exchanges in fostering closer U.S.-China bilateral relations and therefore agreed in principle to establish a new bilateral mechanism to facilitate these exchanges. The two sides are pleased to note the continued increase in the number of students studying in each other's country in recent years. Nearly 100,000 Chinese are now studying in the United States, and the U.S. side will receive more Chinese students and facilitate visa issuance for them. The United States has approximately 20,000 students in China. The United States seeks to encourage more Americans to study in China by launching a new initiative to send 100,000 students to China over the coming four years. China welcomed this decision by the United States. The two sides agreed to expedite negotiations to renew in 2010 the Implementing Accord for Cultural Exchange for the Period Through 2010-2012 under the Cultural Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China. The United States and China agreed to jointly hold the Second U.S.-China Cultural Forum in the United States at an appropriate time.
美國和中國一致認為,兩國領導人保持經常性交往對美中關系長期健康穩定發展至關重要。雙方認為兩國元首的三次會晤和其他重要雙邊交往加強了兩國關系。歐巴馬總統邀請胡主席于明年訪問美國,胡主席愉快地接受了邀請。兩國領導人將繼續通過互訪、會晤、電話交談和通信等方式保持密切溝通。
美國和中國高度評價美中戰略與經濟對話機制的重要作用,認為該對話為增進理解、擴大共識、減少分歧、尋求對共同問題的解決辦法提供了獨特的論壇。雙方認為今年七月在華盛頓特區舉行的首輪對話富有成果,同意誠實履行所作承諾并將于2010年夏天在北京舉行第二輪對話。雙方同意繼續利用高層領導人的直接聯系渠道就重大敏感問題保持及時溝通,將兩國外長年度互訪機制化,并鼓勵兩國其他部門高級官員定期互訪。
美國和中國對中國中央軍事委員會副主席徐才厚上將今年10月訪美成果表示贊許,并表示將采取具體步驟推進兩軍關系未來持續、可靠地向前發展。雙方將為中國人民解放軍總參謀長陳炳德上將訪問美國以及美國防務部長羅伯特·蓋茨和美軍參謀長聯席會議主席邁克爾·馬倫上將訪問中國作好準備。雙方將積極執行兩國軍方已同意開展的交流與合作計劃,其中包括提高兩軍交往的級別與頻率。上述各項努力旨在加強雙方開展務實合作的能力,增進對彼此意圖和國際安全環境的理解。
美國和中國同意在平等互利基礎上深化反恐磋商與合作,并加強執法合作。兩國同意以及時和對等的方式就執法事務交換證據和情報。兩國將就共同關心的案件開展聯合調查,并提供調查協助。美國與中國將加強在刑事調查方面的合作,深化在打擊貪污、禁毒和前體化學品控制、打擊非法移民活動方面的合作。兩國還將加強在打擊跨國犯罪和犯罪集團以及反洗錢和包括打擊制造偽鈔、追討非法資金在內的反恐融資領域的共同努力。兩國還將致力于打擊走私和人口販運。
美國重申了對上海2010年世博會的支持。
美國與中國稱贊自簽署《美中科技合作協定》30年來兩國在科學和技術合作與交流領域取得的豐碩成果,同意通過美中科技合作聯委會進一步提升科技創新領域交流與合作的水平。
美國與中國期待本著透明、對等和互利原則,擴大在空間科學合作領域的討論,并就載人航天飛行和空間探索開啟對話。雙方歡迎美國航空空間局局長和中方相應部門在2010年進行互訪。
美國與中國同意加強民用航空領域合作,并確認有意擴大《美利堅合眾國聯邦航空局與中華人民共和國民用航空局民用航空技術合作協議備忘錄》。雙方歡迎公共和私人實體在發展高速鐵路基礎設施領域進行合作。
美國與中國承諾將落實新簽署的《美利堅合眾國農業部和中華人民共和國農業部關于農業合作的諒解備忘錄》。
兩國同意就衛生健康領域進一步開展聯合研究,包括干細胞聯合研究等。他們將深化在全球公共衛生領域的合作,包括對甲型流感(H1N1)的預防、監測、通報及控制以及禽流感、人類免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病、結核病和瘧疾。雙方還將加強在食品和產品安全與質量方面的合作。
美國和中國強調,各國及各國人民有權選擇自己的道路,所有國家都應尊重各自發展模式的選擇。雙方都認識到,美國與中國在人權問題上存在一些分歧。本著平等和相互尊重的精神處理有關分歧,并遵照國際人權文書促進和保護人權,雙方同意于2010年2月底前在華盛頓特區舉行下一輪官方人權對話。美國和中國一致認為促進法律領域的合作和法治領域的交流符合兩國公民和政府的利益和需要。美國和中國決定盡早舉行美中法律專家對話。
兩國注意到民間和文化交流對促進更密切的美中雙邊關系的重要性,因此原則上同意建立新的雙邊機制,以便利這些交流。雙方高興地注意到近年來在彼此國家留學的人數不斷增加。目前有將近10萬中國人在美學習,美方將接受更多中國學生并將為他們提供簽證便利。美國在中國學生人數大約為2萬人。美國希望鼓勵更多的美國人前往中國學習,為此將啟動一項新計劃,在今后四年時間內向中國派出10萬名學生。中國對美國的這一決定表示歡迎。雙方同意加速談判為了在2010年續簽《美利堅合眾國政府和中華人民共和國政府文化協定二0一0至二0一二年執行計劃》,美國和中國同意在適當的時候在美國聯合舉辦第二屆美中文化論壇。
II. Building and Deepening Bilateral Strategic Trust
The United States and China are of the view that in the 21st century, global challenges are growing, countries are more interdependent, and the need for peace, development, and cooperation is increasing. The United States and China have an increasingly broad base of cooperation and share increasingly important common responsibilities on many major issues concerning global stability and prosperity. The two countries should further strengthen coordination and cooperation, work together to tackle challenges, and promote world peace, security and prosperity.
The two countries believe that to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust is essential to U.S.-China relations in the new era. During their discussions, the Chinese side said that it resolutely follows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up, and is committed to promoting the building of a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs. The United States stated that it is committed to working with other countries in addressing the most difficult international problems they face. China welcomes the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability and prosperity in the region. The two sides reiterated that they are committed to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century, and will take concrete actions to steadily build a partnership to address common challenges.
The United States and China underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in U.S.-China relations. China emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the United States will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the Chinese side's position on this issue. The United States stated that it follows its one China policy and abides by the principles of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués. The United States welcomes the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and develop more positive and stable cross-Strait relations.
The two countries reiterated that the fundamental principle of respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity is at the core of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués which guide U.S.-China relations. Neither side supports any attempts by any force to undermine this principle. The two sides agreed that respecting each other's core interests is extremely important to ensure steady progress in U.S.-China relations.
The United States and China believe that bilateral cooperation on common global challenges will contribute to a more prosperous and secure world. They reaffirmed their commitment made on 27 June 1998 not to target at each other the strategic nuclear weapons under their respective control. The two sides believed that the two countries have common interests in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and agree to take steps to enhance security in outer space. The two sides agreed to discuss issues of strategic importance through such channels as the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and military-to-military exchanges.
The United States and China agreed to handle through existing channels of consultations and dialogue military security and maritime issues in keeping with norms of international law and on the basis of respecting each other's jurisdiction and interests.
The United States and China are of the view that in the 21st century, global challenges are growing, countries are more interdependent, and the need for peace, development, and cooperation is increasing. The United States and China have an increasingly broad base of cooperation and share increasingly important common responsibilities on many major issues concerning global stability and prosperity. The two countries should further strengthen coordination and cooperation, work together to tackle challenges, and promote world peace, security and prosperity.
The two countries believe that to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust is essential to U.S.-China relations in the new era. During their discussions, the Chinese side said that it resolutely follows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up, and is committed to promoting the building of a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs. The United States stated that it is committed to working with other countries in addressing the most difficult international problems they face. China welcomes the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability and prosperity in the region. The two sides reiterated that they are committed to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century, and will take concrete actions to steadily build a partnership to address common challenges.
The United States and China underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in U.S.-China relations. China emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the United States will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the Chinese side's position on this issue. The United States stated that it follows its one China policy and abides by the principles of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués. The United States welcomes the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and develop more positive and stable cross-Strait relations.
The two countries reiterated that the fundamental principle of respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity is at the core of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués which guide U.S.-China relations. Neither side supports any attempts by any force to undermine this principle. The two sides agreed that respecting each other's core interests is extremely important to ensure steady progress in U.S.-China relations.
The United States and China believe that bilateral cooperation on common global challenges will contribute to a more prosperous and secure world. They reaffirmed their commitment made on 27 June 1998 not to target at each other the strategic nuclear weapons under their respective control. The two sides believed that the two countries have common interests in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and agree to take steps to enhance security in outer space. The two sides agreed to discuss issues of strategic importance through such channels as the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and military-to-military exchanges.
The United States and China agreed to handle through existing channels of consultations and dialogue military security and maritime issues in keeping with norms of international law and on the basis of respecting each other's jurisdiction and interests.
美國和中國都認為,在21世紀,全球性的挑戰在增加,各國相互依賴的程度更高,對和平、發展與合作的需要在增加。美國和中國在事關全球穩定與繁榮的眾多重大問題上,擁有越來越廣泛的合作基礎,肩負日益重要的共同責任。兩國應進一步加強協調與合作,共同努力應對挑戰,并促進世界和平、安全和繁榮。
兩國相信,培育和深化雙邊戰略互信對新時代的美中關系至關重要。在討論中,中方表示,中國始終不渝走和平發展道路,始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略,致力于推動建立持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。美國重申,歡迎一個強大、繁榮、成功、在世界事務中發揮更大作用的中國。美國表示致力于與其他國家共同努力應對它們所面臨的最困難的國際問題。中國歡迎美國作為一個亞太國家對該地區的和平、穩定與繁榮作出貢獻。雙方重申致力于為21世紀建立積極、合作、全面的美中關系,并將采取切實行動穩步建立應對共同挑戰的伙伴關系。
美國和中國強調了臺灣問題在美中關系中的重要性。中國強調了臺灣問題涉及中國主權和領土完整,希望美國信守有關承諾,理解和支持中方在此問題上的立場。美國表示遵循它的一個中國政策,遵守美中三個聯合公報的原則。美國歡迎臺灣海峽兩岸關系的和平發展,期待雙方都努力增加經濟、政治及其他領域的對話與互動,發展更加積極和穩定的跨海峽關系。
兩國重申,互相尊重主權和領土完整的根本原則是屬于指導美中關系的美中三個聯合公報的核心內容。雙方均不支持任何勢力破壞這一原則的任何企圖。雙方一致認為,尊重彼此核心利益對確保美中關系穩步進展極端重要。
美國和中國相信,在應對共同全球性挑戰方面的雙邊合作將有助于促進一個更繁榮和安全的世界。兩國重申了1998年6月27日作出的承諾,不將各自控制下的戰略核武器瞄準對方。雙方相信,兩國在推動和平利用外層空間方面著有共同利益,同意采取步驟加強外層空間的安全。雙方同意通過美中戰略與經濟對話、兩軍交往等渠道就具有戰略重要性的問題進行討論。
美國和中國同意通過現有磋商和對話渠道,根據國際法準則,在相互尊重管轄權和利益的基礎上處理軍事安全和海事問題。
III. Economic Cooperation and Global Recovery
The two sides are determined to work together to achieve more sustainable and balanced global economic growth. To that end, the two sides noted that their forceful and timely policy responses helped stem the decline in global output and stabilized financial markets. The two sides agreed to sustain measures to ensure a strong and durable global economic recovery and financial system. The two sides reiterated that they will continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation on macro-economic policies. The two sides pledge to honor all commitments made at the inaugural meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the G-20 summits, and APEC in Singapore.
The two sides commended the important role of the three G-20 summits in tackling the global financial crisis, and committed to work with other members of the G-20 to enhance the G-20's effectiveness as the premier forum for international economic cooperation. The two sides agreed to work together, including through a cooperative process on mutual assessment to make the G-20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth a success. The two sides welcomed recent agreements by the G-20 to ensure that the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) have sufficient resources and to reform their governance structures in order to improve IFIs credibility, legitimacy and effectiveness. The two sides stressed the need to follow through on the quantified targets for the reform of quota and voting shares of IFIs as soon as possible, increasing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries in these institutions consistent with the Pittsburgh Summit Leaders Statement. They also agreed to work together to strengthen the capacity of these institutions to prevent and respond to future crises.
The two sides will further enhance communication and the exchange of information regarding macro-economic policy, and work together to pursue policies of adjusting domestic demand and relative prices to lead to more sustainable and balanced trade and growth. China will continue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raise household incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution of consumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system. The United States will take measures to increase national saving as a share of GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth. To achieve this, the United States is committed to returning the federal budget deficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourage private saving. Both sides will also pursue forward-looking monetary policies with due regard for the ramifications of those policies for the international economy.
The two sides recognize the importance of open trade and investment to their domestic economies and to the global economy, and are committed to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations. The two sides agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner. Both sides will expedite negotiation on a bilateral investment treaty. The two sides are committed to seeking a positive, ambitious, and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in 2010.
The two sides spoke highly of the outcomes of the 20th Meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. The two sides reaffirmed the commitment at this JCCT meeting and look forward to their full implementation.
The two sides are determined to work together to achieve more sustainable and balanced global economic growth. To that end, the two sides noted that their forceful and timely policy responses helped stem the decline in global output and stabilized financial markets. The two sides agreed to sustain measures to ensure a strong and durable global economic recovery and financial system. The two sides reiterated that they will continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation on macro-economic policies. The two sides pledge to honor all commitments made at the inaugural meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the G-20 summits, and APEC in Singapore.
The two sides commended the important role of the three G-20 summits in tackling the global financial crisis, and committed to work with other members of the G-20 to enhance the G-20's effectiveness as the premier forum for international economic cooperation. The two sides agreed to work together, including through a cooperative process on mutual assessment to make the G-20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth a success. The two sides welcomed recent agreements by the G-20 to ensure that the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) have sufficient resources and to reform their governance structures in order to improve IFIs credibility, legitimacy and effectiveness. The two sides stressed the need to follow through on the quantified targets for the reform of quota and voting shares of IFIs as soon as possible, increasing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries in these institutions consistent with the Pittsburgh Summit Leaders Statement. They also agreed to work together to strengthen the capacity of these institutions to prevent and respond to future crises.
The two sides will further enhance communication and the exchange of information regarding macro-economic policy, and work together to pursue policies of adjusting domestic demand and relative prices to lead to more sustainable and balanced trade and growth. China will continue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raise household incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution of consumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system. The United States will take measures to increase national saving as a share of GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth. To achieve this, the United States is committed to returning the federal budget deficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourage private saving. Both sides will also pursue forward-looking monetary policies with due regard for the ramifications of those policies for the international economy.
The two sides recognize the importance of open trade and investment to their domestic economies and to the global economy, and are committed to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations. The two sides agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner. Both sides will expedite negotiation on a bilateral investment treaty. The two sides are committed to seeking a positive, ambitious, and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in 2010.
The two sides spoke highly of the outcomes of the 20th Meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. The two sides reaffirmed the commitment at this JCCT meeting and look forward to their full implementation.
雙方決心共同努力,實現更可持續和平衡的全球經濟增長。為此,雙方注意到各自強有力和及時的政策回應措施已有助于遏制全球產出下降,并穩定了金融市場。雙方同意延續旨在確保強勁、可持續的全球經濟復蘇和金融體系的措施。雙方重申將繼續在宏觀經濟政策領域加強對話與合作。雙方承諾履行在首輪戰略與經濟對話、20方集團峰會和在新加坡舉行的亞太經合組織會議中作出的所有承諾。
雙方高度評價了三次20方集團峰會在應對全球金融危機中所發揮的重要作用,并承諾和20方集團其他成員共同努力提高20方集團作為國際經濟合作首要論壇的效力。雙方同意共同努力,包括通過一個有關相互評估的合作進程,使2方集團“為了實現強有力、可持續、平衡增長框架”獲得成功。雙方歡迎20方集團近期達成的共識,即確保國際金融機構有充分資源,并改革自身治理結構以提高國際金融機構的可信性、正當性和有效性。雙方強調必須盡早落實國際金融機構份額和投票權量化的改革目標,按照皮茲堡峰會領導人聲明增加新興市場和發展中國家在這些機構中的發言權和代表性。雙方還同意共同努力加強這些機構防范和應對未來危機的能力。
雙方將進一步加強宏觀經濟政策的溝通與信息交流,共同努力采取調整國內需求和相對價格的政策,以導致更可持續更平衡的貿易與增長。中國將繼續落實政策,調整經濟結構,提高家庭收入,擴大內需,增加消費對國內生產總值的貢獻,改革社會保障體系。美國將采取措施提高國內儲蓄在國內生產總值中的比重,推動可持續的非通貨膨脹的增長。為此,美國致力于讓聯邦預算赤字重歸可持續的路徑并采取措施鼓勵私人儲蓄。雙方還將采取前瞻性的貨幣政策,并適當關注這些政策對國際經濟的影響。
雙方認識到開放貿易和投資對各自國內經濟和全球經濟的重要性,并致力于共同打擊各種形式的保護主義。雙方同意以建設性、合作性和互利性的方式,積極努力解決雙邊貿易和投資爭端。雙方將加快雙邊投資條約的談判。雙方致力于推動多哈發展議程在2010年取得一個積極、富有雄心、平衡的最終結果。
雙方高度評價了第20屆美中商貿聯委會會議的成果。雙方重申在會議中所作承諾并期待其得到全面落實。
IV. Regional and Global Challenges
The two sides noted that, at a time when the international environment is undergoing complex and profound changes, the United States and China share a responsibility to cooperatively address regional and global security challenges. The two sides stressed that they share broad common interests in the Asia-Pacific region and support the development and improvement of an open and inclusive regional cooperation framework that is beneficial to all. The two sides will work to encourage APEC to play a more effective role in promoting regional trade and investment liberalization and economic and technical cooperation and for the ASEAN Regional Forum to play a more effective role in strengthening regional security cooperation.
The two sides agreed that respect for the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, IAEA mandates, and implementation of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions are essential for the success of our joint efforts to stem the spread of nuclear weapons. The two presidents recalled their participation at the September 24, 2009, UN Security Council Summit on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear disarmament. They welcomed the outcome of the Summit and expressed their strong support for UN Security Resolution 1887.
The two sides reaffirmed the importance of continuing the Six-Party Talks process and implementing the September 19, 2005, Joint Statement, including denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of relations and establishment of a permanent peace regime in Northeast Asia. The two sides stated that they will work together with other parties concerned to comprehensively achieve the purpose and overall goal of the Six-Party Talks through consultations and dialogues. The Chinese side welcomed the start of high-level contacts between the United States and the DPRK. The two sides expressed the hope that the multilateral mechanism of the Six Party Talks would convene at an early date.
The two sides noted with concern the latest developments with regard to the Iranian nuclear issue. The two sides agreed that Iran has the right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the NPT and it should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty. They welcomed the talks in Geneva on October 1st between the P5+1 and Iran as a promising start towards addressing international concerns about Iran's nuclear program, and expressed their readiness to continue that engagement as soon as possible. The two sides emphasized that all efforts should be made to take confidence building steps and called on Iran to respond positively to the proposal of the IAEA Director General. The two sides reaffirmed their strong support for a comprehensive and long-term solution to the Iranian nuclear issue through negotiations, and called on Iran to engage constructively with the P5+1 and to cooperate fully with the IAEA to facilitate a satisfactory outcome.
The two sides welcomed all efforts conducive to peace, stability and development in South Asia. They support the efforts of Afghanistan and Pakistan to fight terrorism, maintain domestic stability and achieve sustainable economic and social development, and support the improvement and growth of relations between India and Pakistan. The two sides are ready to strengthen communication, dialogue and cooperation on issues related to South Asia and work together to promote peace, stability and development in that region.
The two sides underlined their commitment to the eventual realization of a world free of nuclear weapons. They reiterated their opposition to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and will jointly uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. They agreed to enhance non-proliferation cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and equality. They will work together to achieve a successful Review Conference of Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 2010. They committed to pursue ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as soon as possible, and will work together for the early entry into force of the CTBT. They support the launching of negotiations on the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty at an early date in the Conference on Disarmament, and stand ready to strengthen communication and cooperation in nuclear safety and security and in combating nuclear terrorism. China attaches importance to the U.S. initiative to hold a nuclear security summit in April 2010 and will actively participate in the preparations for the summit.
The two sides also discussed the importance of UN peacekeeping operations in promoting international peace and security.
The two sides agreed to enhance dialogue on development issues to explore areas of cooperation and coordination and to ensure that both countries' efforts are conducive to achieving sustainable outcomes.
The two sides noted that, at a time when the international environment is undergoing complex and profound changes, the United States and China share a responsibility to cooperatively address regional and global security challenges. The two sides stressed that they share broad common interests in the Asia-Pacific region and support the development and improvement of an open and inclusive regional cooperation framework that is beneficial to all. The two sides will work to encourage APEC to play a more effective role in promoting regional trade and investment liberalization and economic and technical cooperation and for the ASEAN Regional Forum to play a more effective role in strengthening regional security cooperation.
The two sides agreed that respect for the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, IAEA mandates, and implementation of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions are essential for the success of our joint efforts to stem the spread of nuclear weapons. The two presidents recalled their participation at the September 24, 2009, UN Security Council Summit on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear disarmament. They welcomed the outcome of the Summit and expressed their strong support for UN Security Resolution 1887.
The two sides reaffirmed the importance of continuing the Six-Party Talks process and implementing the September 19, 2005, Joint Statement, including denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of relations and establishment of a permanent peace regime in Northeast Asia. The two sides stated that they will work together with other parties concerned to comprehensively achieve the purpose and overall goal of the Six-Party Talks through consultations and dialogues. The Chinese side welcomed the start of high-level contacts between the United States and the DPRK. The two sides expressed the hope that the multilateral mechanism of the Six Party Talks would convene at an early date.
The two sides noted with concern the latest developments with regard to the Iranian nuclear issue. The two sides agreed that Iran has the right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the NPT and it should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty. They welcomed the talks in Geneva on October 1st between the P5+1 and Iran as a promising start towards addressing international concerns about Iran's nuclear program, and expressed their readiness to continue that engagement as soon as possible. The two sides emphasized that all efforts should be made to take confidence building steps and called on Iran to respond positively to the proposal of the IAEA Director General. The two sides reaffirmed their strong support for a comprehensive and long-term solution to the Iranian nuclear issue through negotiations, and called on Iran to engage constructively with the P5+1 and to cooperate fully with the IAEA to facilitate a satisfactory outcome.
The two sides welcomed all efforts conducive to peace, stability and development in South Asia. They support the efforts of Afghanistan and Pakistan to fight terrorism, maintain domestic stability and achieve sustainable economic and social development, and support the improvement and growth of relations between India and Pakistan. The two sides are ready to strengthen communication, dialogue and cooperation on issues related to South Asia and work together to promote peace, stability and development in that region.
The two sides underlined their commitment to the eventual realization of a world free of nuclear weapons. They reiterated their opposition to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and will jointly uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. They agreed to enhance non-proliferation cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and equality. They will work together to achieve a successful Review Conference of Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 2010. They committed to pursue ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as soon as possible, and will work together for the early entry into force of the CTBT. They support the launching of negotiations on the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty at an early date in the Conference on Disarmament, and stand ready to strengthen communication and cooperation in nuclear safety and security and in combating nuclear terrorism. China attaches importance to the U.S. initiative to hold a nuclear security summit in April 2010 and will actively participate in the preparations for the summit.
The two sides also discussed the importance of UN peacekeeping operations in promoting international peace and security.
The two sides agreed to enhance dialogue on development issues to explore areas of cooperation and coordination and to ensure that both countries' efforts are conducive to achieving sustainable outcomes.
雙方注意到,在國際環境發生復雜深刻變化之際,美國和中國在合作應對地區和全球安全挑戰方面負有共同責任。雙方強調兩國在亞太地區有著廣泛的共同利益,并支持發展和改善一個對各方有利的開放、包容的地區合作框架。雙方將努力鼓勵亞太經合組織在促進地區貿易投資自由化和經濟技術合作方面發揮更有效的作用,并敦促東盟地區論壇在加強地區安全合作方面發揮更有效的作用。
雙方一致認為遵守《不擴散核武器條約》和國際原子能機構的規定并執行聯合國安理會所有相關決議對我們共同成功阻止核武器擴散至關重要。兩國元首回憶了在2009年9月24日出席的聯合國安理會核不擴散與核裁軍峰會。他們對峰會的成果表示歡迎并堅決支持聯合國安理會《1887號決議》。
雙方重申了繼續六方會談進程和落實2005年9月19日《共同聲明》的重要性,包括朝韓半島無核化、關系正�；霸跂|北亞建立永久和平機制。雙方表示,將與其他有關各方共同努力,通過協商和對話,面實現六方會談宗旨和總體目標。中方對美朝開始高級別接觸表示歡迎。雙方表示希望六方會談的多邊機制早日啟動。
雙方關切地注意到伊朗核問題相關的最新動向。雙方同意,伊朗根據《不擴散核武器條約》擁有和平利用核能的權利,也應履行其根據該條約所應盡的國際義務。雙方對10月1日“五常加一”和伊朗在日內瓦舉行的會談表示歡迎,認為這是朝向解決國際社會對伊朗核項目關注的一個有希望的開端,并表示愿盡快繼續此類接觸。雙方強調應盡一切努力采取建立信心措施,并呼吁伊朗對國際原子能機構總干事的提議作出積極回應。雙方重申堅定支持通過談判達成對伊朗核問題的長期全面解決辦法,呼吁伊朗與“五常加一”進行建設性接觸,并與國際原子能機構全面合作,以取得令人滿意的結果。
雙方歡迎一切有助于南亞和平、穩定和發展的努力。雙方支持阿富汗和巴基斯坦為打擊恐怖主義、維護國內穩定、實現經濟和社會可持續發展所作出的努力,支持印度和巴基斯坦關系的改善和增長。雙方愿就南亞相關問題加強溝通、對話與合作,并共同促進該地區的和平、穩定和發展。
雙方強調了致力于最終實現一個沒有核武器的世界。雙方重申反對大規模毀滅性武器擴散,并將共同維護國際核不擴散體系。雙方同意在相互尊重和平等的基礎上加強防擴散合作。雙方將為2010年的《不擴散核武器條約》締約方審議大會取得成功而共同努力。雙方致力于盡早批準《全面禁止核試驗條約》,并將共同努力使條約早日生效。雙方支持在裁軍會議中早日啟動“禁止生產裂變材料條約”談判,并隨時準備在核安全保安和打擊核恐怖主義方面加強溝通與合作。中國重視美國提出的在2010年4月舉行核安全峰會的倡議,將積極參與峰會籌備。
雙方還討論了聯合國維和行動對促進國際和平與安全的重要性。
雙方同意就發展問題加強對話,探討合作和協調領域,并確保兩國的努力有助于取得可持續的成果
V. Climate Change, Energy and Environment
The two sides held a constructive and productive dialogue on the issue of climate change. They underscored that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The two sides maintain that a vigorous response is necessary and that international cooperation is indispensable in responding to this challenge. They are convinced of the need to address climate change in a manner that respects the priority of economic and social development in developing countries and are equally convinced that transitioning to a low-carbon economy is an opportunity to promote continued economic growth and sustainable development in all countries.
Regarding the upcoming Copenhagen Conference, both sides agree on the importance of actively furthering the full, effective and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in accordance with the Bali Action Plan. The United States and China, consistent with their national circumstances, resolve to take significant mitigation actions and recognize the important role that their countries play in promoting a sustainable outcome that will strengthen the world's ability to combat climate change. The two sides resolve to stand behind these commitments.
In this context both sides believe that, while striving for final legal agreement, an agreed outcome at Copenhagen should, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, include emission reduction targets of developed countries and nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries. The outcome should also substantially scale up financial assistance to developing countries, promote technology development, dissemination and transfer, pay particular attention to the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to climate change, promote steps to preserve and enhance forests, and provide for full transparency with respect to the implementation of mitigation measures and provision of financial, technology and capacity building support.
The two sides are committed to working together and with other countries in the weeks ahead for a successful outcome at Copenhagen.
The two sides agreed that the transition to a green and low-carbon economy is essential and that the clean energy industry will provide vast opportunities for citizens of both countries in the years ahead and welcomed significant steps forward to advance policy dialogue and practical cooperation on climate change, energy and the environment, building on the U.S.-China Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment announced at the first round of U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue this July and formally signed during the Presidential visit.
The two sides recognized the importance of the Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) and commit to strengthen cooperation in promoting clean air, water, transportation, electricity, and resource conservation. Through a new U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Action Plan under the TYF, the United States and China will work together to achieve cost-effective energy efficiency improvements in industry, buildings and consumer products through technical cooperation, demonstration and policy exchanges. Noting both countries significant investments in energy efficiency, the two Presidents underscored the enormous opportunities to create jobs and enhance economic growth through energy savings.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Protocol Between the Department of Energy of the United States of America and the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China on a Clean Energy Research Center. The Center will facilitate joint research and development on clean energy by teams of scientists and engineers from both countries, as well as serve as clearing house to help researchers in each country, with public and private funding of at least $150 million over five years split evenly between the two countries. The Center will have one headquarters in each country. Priority topics to be addressed will include energy efficiency in buildings, clean coal (including carbon capture and sequestration), and clean vehicles.
The two sides welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Electric Vehicles Initiative designed to put millions of electric vehicles on the roads of both countries in the years ahead. Building on significant investments in electric vehicles in both the United States and China, the two governments announced a program of joint demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, along with work to develop common technical standards to facilitate rapid scale-up of the industry. The two sides agreed that their countries share a strong common interest in the rapid deployment of clean vehicles.
The two sides strongly welcomed work in both countries to promote 21st century coal technologies. They agreed to promote cooperation on large-scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) demonstration projects and to begin work immediately on the development, deployment, diffusion, and transfer of CCS technology. The two sides welcomed recent agreements between Chinese and U.S. companies, universities, and research institutions to cooperate on CCS and more efficient coal technologies.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and the National Development and Reform Commission of China to Build Capacity to Address Climate Change.
The two sides welcomed the launch of The U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership. Through this Partnership, the two countries will chart a pathway to wide-scale deployment of wind, solar, advanced bio-fuels, and a modern electric power grid in both countries and cooperate in designing and implementing the policy and technical tools necessary to make that vision possible. Given the combined market size of the two countries, accelerated deployment of renewable energy in The United States and China can significantly reduce the cost of these technologies globally.
The two sides welcomed the establishment of The U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program (ECP), a partnership between government and industry to enhance energy security and combat climate change. The ECP will leverage private sector resources and expertise to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technology.
The two sides commended the results of the recently-held Fourth U.S.-China Energy Policy Dialogue and Ninth U.S.-China Oil and Gas Industry Forum and welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Shale Gas Resource Initiative to accelerate the development of unconventional natural gas resources in China. Drawing on recent experience in the United States, this initiative aims to improve energy security in both countries and help China transition to a low-carbon economy.
The two sides agreed to work together to advance global efforts to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy. They welcomed the recently-concluded Third Executive Committee Meeting of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, and the commitment of the partnership to explore ways to enhance the international framework for civil nuclear energy cooperation. They agreed to consult with one another in order to explore such approaches -- including assurance of fuel supply and cradle-to-grave nuclear fuel management so that countries can access peaceful nuclear power while minimizing the risks of proliferation.
The two sides held a constructive and productive dialogue on the issue of climate change. They underscored that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The two sides maintain that a vigorous response is necessary and that international cooperation is indispensable in responding to this challenge. They are convinced of the need to address climate change in a manner that respects the priority of economic and social development in developing countries and are equally convinced that transitioning to a low-carbon economy is an opportunity to promote continued economic growth and sustainable development in all countries.
Regarding the upcoming Copenhagen Conference, both sides agree on the importance of actively furthering the full, effective and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in accordance with the Bali Action Plan. The United States and China, consistent with their national circumstances, resolve to take significant mitigation actions and recognize the important role that their countries play in promoting a sustainable outcome that will strengthen the world's ability to combat climate change. The two sides resolve to stand behind these commitments.
In this context both sides believe that, while striving for final legal agreement, an agreed outcome at Copenhagen should, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, include emission reduction targets of developed countries and nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries. The outcome should also substantially scale up financial assistance to developing countries, promote technology development, dissemination and transfer, pay particular attention to the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to climate change, promote steps to preserve and enhance forests, and provide for full transparency with respect to the implementation of mitigation measures and provision of financial, technology and capacity building support.
The two sides are committed to working together and with other countries in the weeks ahead for a successful outcome at Copenhagen.
The two sides agreed that the transition to a green and low-carbon economy is essential and that the clean energy industry will provide vast opportunities for citizens of both countries in the years ahead and welcomed significant steps forward to advance policy dialogue and practical cooperation on climate change, energy and the environment, building on the U.S.-China Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment announced at the first round of U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue this July and formally signed during the Presidential visit.
The two sides recognized the importance of the Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) and commit to strengthen cooperation in promoting clean air, water, transportation, electricity, and resource conservation. Through a new U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Action Plan under the TYF, the United States and China will work together to achieve cost-effective energy efficiency improvements in industry, buildings and consumer products through technical cooperation, demonstration and policy exchanges. Noting both countries significant investments in energy efficiency, the two Presidents underscored the enormous opportunities to create jobs and enhance economic growth through energy savings.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Protocol Between the Department of Energy of the United States of America and the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China on a Clean Energy Research Center. The Center will facilitate joint research and development on clean energy by teams of scientists and engineers from both countries, as well as serve as clearing house to help researchers in each country, with public and private funding of at least $150 million over five years split evenly between the two countries. The Center will have one headquarters in each country. Priority topics to be addressed will include energy efficiency in buildings, clean coal (including carbon capture and sequestration), and clean vehicles.
The two sides welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Electric Vehicles Initiative designed to put millions of electric vehicles on the roads of both countries in the years ahead. Building on significant investments in electric vehicles in both the United States and China, the two governments announced a program of joint demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, along with work to develop common technical standards to facilitate rapid scale-up of the industry. The two sides agreed that their countries share a strong common interest in the rapid deployment of clean vehicles.
The two sides strongly welcomed work in both countries to promote 21st century coal technologies. They agreed to promote cooperation on large-scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) demonstration projects and to begin work immediately on the development, deployment, diffusion, and transfer of CCS technology. The two sides welcomed recent agreements between Chinese and U.S. companies, universities, and research institutions to cooperate on CCS and more efficient coal technologies.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and the National Development and Reform Commission of China to Build Capacity to Address Climate Change.
The two sides welcomed the launch of The U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership. Through this Partnership, the two countries will chart a pathway to wide-scale deployment of wind, solar, advanced bio-fuels, and a modern electric power grid in both countries and cooperate in designing and implementing the policy and technical tools necessary to make that vision possible. Given the combined market size of the two countries, accelerated deployment of renewable energy in The United States and China can significantly reduce the cost of these technologies globally.
The two sides welcomed the establishment of The U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program (ECP), a partnership between government and industry to enhance energy security and combat climate change. The ECP will leverage private sector resources and expertise to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technology.
The two sides commended the results of the recently-held Fourth U.S.-China Energy Policy Dialogue and Ninth U.S.-China Oil and Gas Industry Forum and welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Shale Gas Resource Initiative to accelerate the development of unconventional natural gas resources in China. Drawing on recent experience in the United States, this initiative aims to improve energy security in both countries and help China transition to a low-carbon economy.
The two sides agreed to work together to advance global efforts to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy. They welcomed the recently-concluded Third Executive Committee Meeting of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, and the commitment of the partnership to explore ways to enhance the international framework for civil nuclear energy cooperation. They agreed to consult with one another in order to explore such approaches -- including assurance of fuel supply and cradle-to-grave nuclear fuel management so that countries can access peaceful nuclear power while minimizing the risks of proliferation.
雙方就氣候變化問題進行了建設性和富有成效的對話。雙方強調氣候變化是我們時代的最大挑戰之一。雙方認為有必要對這一挑戰作出強有力的回應,而且國際合作是不可或缺的。雙方確信,應對氣候變化需要尊重發展中國家把經濟和社會發展作為優先事項,并同樣地確信,向低碳經濟轉型是促進所有國家經濟持續增長和可持續發展的機會。
關于即將召開的哥本哈根會議,雙方同意,依據“巴厘行動計劃”積極促進《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》全面、有效和可持續實施具有重要意義。美國和中國決心根據各自國情采取有意義的減緩行動,并認識到兩國在促成加強世界應對氣候變化能力的可持續成果方面具有重要作用。雙方決心支持這些承諾。
在此背景下,雙方相信,在致力于達成最終的法律協議的同時,哥本哈根的一個同意的成果應在共同但有區別的責任原則和各自能力的基礎上,包括發達國家的減排目標和發展中國家的國家適當減緩行動。這一成果也應實質性地增加給發展中國家的資金幫助,促進技術開發、推廣和轉移,尤其應注意最貧窮國家和最脆弱國家適應氣候變化的需要,促進保護和增強森林的措施,并在執行減緩措施以及提供資金、技術和能力建設支持方面提供全面的透明度。
雙方決心共同并與其他國家一道在未來幾周內為了在哥本哈根取得成功的成果而努力。
雙方一致認為,向綠色、低碳經濟轉型十分關鍵,未來數年中清潔能源產業將為兩國公民提供大量機會,并且歡迎基于今年7月首輪美中戰略與經濟對話期間宣布,在總統訪問期間正式簽署的《美中關于加強氣候變化、能源和環境合作的諒解備忘錄》基礎上,雙方為推進氣候變化、能源和環境的政策對話和務實合作采取重要步驟。
雙方認識到《能源和環境合作十年框架》的重要性,并致力于加強清潔的大氣、水、交通、電力和資源保護領域的合作。根據在10年合作框架下新制訂的美中能效行動計劃,美中兩國將通過技術合作、示范和政策交流,共同努力在產業、建筑和消費品領域以低成本高效益的方式提高能源效率。兩國元首注意到雙方在能效領域的重要投資,強調通過節約能源將帶來的創造就業和促進經濟增長的巨大機會。
雙方歡迎《美利堅合眾國國能源部與中華人民共和國科技部、國家能源局關于美中清潔能源聯合研究中心合作議定書》的簽署。這個中心將為來自兩國科學家和工程人員從事清潔能源聯合研發提供便利,并為在兩國的研究人員提供交流平臺,其未來5年內將得到來自公共與私人的資金至少1.5億美元,兩國平均承擔。該中心在兩國各設一總部。優先研究課題將包括建筑能效、清潔煤(包括碳捕集與封存)及清潔車輛。
雙方歡迎啟動美中電動車輛倡議,使兩國在未來數年中有幾百萬輛電動車投入使用�；诿乐袃蓢硟仍陔妱悠囶I域的巨大投資,兩國政府宣布在超過十二個城市開展聯合示范項目,并努力開發共同的技術標準以推動此產業規�？焖僭鲩L。雙方一致認為兩國對清潔車的快速利用擁有很大的共同利益。
雙方非常歡迎在兩國國內發展21世紀煤炭技術方面的努力。雙方同意促進大規模碳捕集與封存示范項目方面的合作,并就碳捕集與封存技術的開發、利用、推廣和轉移方面立即開展工作。雙方歡迎美中兩國企業、大學和研究機構最近達成的碳捕集與封存以及煤炭高效利用技術合作協議。
雙方歡迎《美國環境保護局與中國國家發展和改革委員會關于應對氣候變化能力建設合作備忘錄》的簽署。
雙方對美中可再生能源伙伴關系的啟動表示歡迎。通過該伙伴關系,兩國將就大規模利用風能、太陽能、先進生物燃料和現代電網制定路線,在設計和執行實現這一遠景所需的政策和技術手段方面進行合作。鑒于兩國相加市場規模巨大,在美國和中國加快利用可再生能源可以在全球范圍內大幅度降低這些技術的成本。
雙方歡迎建立美中能源合作項目——一種政府和產業間的伙伴關系,其目的是加強能源安全和應對氣候變化。該項目將利用私營部門資源和專長,加快清潔能源技術的應用。
雙方對近期舉辦的第四屆美中能源政策對話和第九屆美中石油和天然氣產業論壇表示贊許,并對加速中國非常規天然氣資源發展的美中頁巖氣資源合作倡議的啟動表示歡迎。該倡議旨在利用美國近期的經驗,改善兩國能源安全,幫助中國向低碳經濟轉型。
雙方同意將為促進和平利用核能的全球努力而合作,并歡迎近期舉行的全球核能伙伴關系第三次執行委員會會議,以及該伙伴關系對探索途徑以強化民用核能合作的國際框架所作的承諾。雙方同意互相協商,以便探討這類方法-包括保障燃料供應和對核燃料自始至終的管理,從而在將核擴散風險降到最低的同時,使各國能夠和平利用能源。
